Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
literature
Sherwin M. Perlas, Ph. D.
Asso.Prof. IV
• This course is a study of literary forms or genres as
exemplified by selected literary texts from various
regions of the Philippines written at different periods in
Philippine literary history.
COURSE DESCRIPTION
• The general objective of the course is to make the student
appreciate the breadth and depth of Philippine literatures.
The course also aims to introduce the student to the
different literary genres. By the end of the course, the
student must have read literary texts representing various
regions, periods and genres. The student must have
written a term paper of at least five pages analyzing one
literary text written in the language of the region or by
someone born in the region where Romblon State
University is located.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
• Tuluyan – nasa anyo ng karaniwang
pagpapahayag –malaya at madaloy na pagbuo ng
mga salita
• Patula – mga pahayag na nagtataglay kadalasan
ng sukat at tugma sa mga pantig ng taludtod o
mga salita at paraan ng pagbuo ng pahayag ay
piling-pili, matayutay, at masining bukod sa
pagiging madamdamin.
Dalawang Anyo ng
Panitikan
OUTLINE OF THE CLASSIFICATION
OF PHILIPPINE FOLKLORE
Classification of
Philippine Folklore
• Non-narrative Verbal Folklore or
Folksayings (Katutubong Pananalita
na walang salaysayin)
• Folk Speech (Pang-atin-ating
Pananalita)
• Proverb (Salawikain o Kasabihan)
• Riddle (Bugtong)
Verbal or Oral Folklore (Poklor
na Berbal or Poklor na
Sinasalita)
1. FOLK SPEECH (PANG-ATIN-
ATING PANANALITA)
1) Inversion 2) Consonants/sylla
(pabaliktad) ble/prefix/infix
• Salamat – tamalas
are added
• Aso – osa • Matanda –
• Kanin – ninka mapatapandapa
• Matanda – da- • Tubig – tumubumig
matan • Gabi - chigachibi
• Kasama - kamasa
Proverb (Salawikain o
Kasabihan)
TANAGA – short folk poems composed of seven
syllables and four lines and full of metaphors
Proverb (Salawikain o
Kasabihan)
(Banig) Vocabulario de
la lengua tagala
Bongbong cong liuanag, (1754) by Pedro
Sanlucar and
Con gab-i ay dagat. Juan de Noceda
Bugtong (Riddle)
• Central to the riddle is Talinghaga
or metaphor because it “reveals
subtle resemblances between two
unlike objects” and one’s power of
observation and wit are put to the
test.
• Tigmo – Cebuano
• Bugtong – Tagalog
• Paktaton – Ilongo
• Patototdon – Bicol
• Papitlo – Asi
• Papintuon - Romblomanon
MATA
Langka Odi pa lang
Ogto ron.
Tinaga ko sa gubat,
Sa bahay nag-iiyak. BUWAN
Kakabiyak na niyog
SUMBRERO Magdamag na inilibot.
DIWATA
DEMOWATA
BALAG
Ang Paglikha sa Daigdig
at sa mga Unang Tao
Subanon of Zamboanga del Sur
Mga nilikha ni Diwata dahil
sa hiling ng anak:
Material Culture
Impluwensiya ng Bibliya
Ebidensya ng pagiging
egalitarian
• Sa mito:
• Ginawa ang unang tao mula sa isang hugis at nabiyak lamang
dahil sa init
• Sa Bibliya:
• Naunang nilikha si Adam Patriarchal
• Mula sa tadyang ni Adam nilikha si Eve
Bulong
B. FOLK EPIC (EPIKO)
Morpolohiya ng anda (function) : By: Isagani I. Cruz
•
10 At babalik sa kanyang bayan pagkatapos
ng labanan
Biag ni Lam-ang
1 • Sa ikalawang bahagi, aalis uli si Lam-ang
2 • Tutulungan na naman ng kanyang mga
alaga
4 • Lalaban kay Sumarang
Biag ni Lam-ang
1
• Sa ikatlong bahagi aalis uli si Lam-ang
2 • Upang mahuli ang isda, pero maiiwan ang
mahiwagang tandang
3 • Sa tubig lalabanan niya ang isda
Biag ni Lam-ang
Kalinga
1• Pupunta si Banna sa Magobya
3• Para ligawan si Laggunawa
4• Pero siya ay magiging sawa. Parang laban ito
upang hindi mawala ang kanyang sarili
5
• Matagal ang laban
8
• At aakalaing patay na si Banna bala
9
• Buhay pa pala siya
10• Dahil babalik siya sa kanyang bayan
Banna We Mumalaga
(isang Ullalim)
Suban-on
1
• Wala sa kanyang bayan
2
• Si Sakandal paggamit niya ng mahiwagang panyo
3• Upang makapagyabang siya kay Pailalam ri Bolak
4• Lalabanan niya ang tauhan ni Tomanong
5• Nang dalawang linggo
8• Halos mamatay siya sa pagod
8• Pero mabubuhayan siya ng loob dahil sa panyo ni
Pailalam
11• Magpapakasal siya
Guman ng Dumalinao
Keg Sumba neg Sandayo
Suban-on
1
• Halos isang buwan pa lang si Sandayo sa
paglakbay niya
2
• Na may dalang mga mahihiwagang anting-
anting
3
• Makakatagpo niya si Bolak Sonday
4
• At kakalabanin niya si Domondianay
5 • Nang dalawang taon
Keg Sumba neg Sandayo
•6 Pipigilan ng Diwatang si Asog
•8 Ang labanan at ibubunyag na magkapatid pala
sina Sandayo at Domondianay. Mamatay si
Sandayo
9• Pero mabubuhay muli
Anyo ng Epiko
EPIKONG SINULAT SA
PANAHON NATIN
Florante at Laura
1 • Wala sa kanyang sariling bayan si Florante
3 • Nang magkita sila ni Laura sa gubat
bayan
11• At magpakasal kay Laura
• Pag-alis sa bayan
• Mga nangibang bansa
• Pagtiwala natin sa mahiwagang bagay
• Matatagpuan ng bayani ang hinahanap – optimistik ang
Filipino
• Labanan – mahahaba ang labanan sa ating mga pelikula
• Pagkamatay at pagkabuhay – kasaysayan ng pagsakop sa atin
ng dayuhan
• Pagbabalik ng bayani – kulto ng balikbayan, fiesta, lamayan
Religious Legends
Jose Rizal’s Slippers
Paoay Lake (Places) (people}
God punished with a big Jose Rizal dropped his
flood the vain people of a slippers while riding a
barrio of Paoay who used the
local church to display their boat along Laguna de
wealth rather than their Bay. The young man
religious fervor. When the threw his second slipper
water receded a beautiful lake after the first one for he
appeared where the barrio
once stood and fishermen
wanted the person who
reported catching colorful fish found his slippers to
adorned with precious jewels. have a new pair.
Secular Legends
Anting-anting of
Manuelito 4 Aswangs of Capiz
• Manuelito, leader of a • The sailor guests of four
band of rebels, could not rich women (A widow &
be killed because he wore her 3 daughters) smeared
an anting-anting around ashes all over the four
his neck. It was only naked torsos of women,
when a soldier shot him lined against the wall of the
house. The officer with the
with a silver bullet that he
sailors took pity on theirs
died. (Tagalog)
hosts and washed away the
ashes on their torsos. The
Legend on the women-asuangs repaid the
officer with good fortune
Supernatural but punished the sailors by
marrying them. (Visayan)
D. GENEALOGICAL TALE
(TALAANGKANANG KUWENTO)
• Arabic “Family Tree”
• Faithfully guarded by descendants of sultans, incumbent
datus, related sultanate officials
• Tales that basically authenticate the descent and
consequently the title to a Datu’s (chief) eligibility to his
office.
• Tausog and Maranao
Salsila
E. FOLKTALE (KUWENTONG
BAYAN)
Monkey and the Turtle
• The monkey and
the turtle found a
banana plant…
Numskull/Noodle Tales
Posong, Trickster of Sulu
Hearing that the Sultan’s The youngest daughter told
seven daughters planned to her sisters they had sexual
gather fruits in their farm, intercourse with Posong.
Posong hid himself under a The angry sisters threatened
big fruit tree, his erect penis to castrate Posong. Posong
sticking out of the ground. got up, run away and hid
The first six daughters from the Sultan
climbed the fruit tree and • Tausog
enjoyed falling astraddle on • Muslim
Posong’s penis.
Trickster Tales
Pilandok & the Dead Sultan
Pilandok heard of the from the old men of the
death of a wealthy sultanate that his dead
sultan, went to the dead father was quite a lover
man’s house, pretended in his heyday. When
to the dead man’s son, Pilandok insisted on
then cried and cried. bringing home the
The sultan’s son, sultan’s body, the
surprised that he had a bereaved family gave
half-brother, learned him instead half of the
sultan’s property.
Trickster Tales (Maranao)
FORMULA TALES
THE STORY WITHOUT AN END
To save his life from the Exasperated, the king
cruel king, a man tells asked that man to end
an endless story about his story, but the
locusts that come one storyteller insisted there
by one, every day to get were still hundreds and
a kernel of corn from thousands of locust
the storehouse. waiting to et a kernel of
corn form the
storehouse.
ENDLESS TALES
The Mosquito, the Turtle & the
Firefly
The mosquito murmurs The King asks the
for it is afraid of the turtle mosquito to murmur only
who carries a house on its before it bites; this the
back; the turtle carries its reason why the firefly
house because it is afraid carries fire only at night;
• Dalawang Anyo ng Panitikan
the firefly would burn it; and the turtle can sleep
the firefly caries fire soundly under its house.
because it is afraid of the (Cabanatuan City)
mosquito which is always
murmuring.
Cumulative Tales
Social Folk
Custom
(Kaugaliang
Sosyal)
1.Festival (Piyesta or Pagdiriwang)
2.Folk Game (Palaro)
A.Animals participating in a man’s
games
B.Ordinary games
(1)Physical games
(2)Games of dexterity and skill
(3)Mimetic or drama games
C.Jokes or trickster games
D.Formula games
3. Gesture (Pahiwatig na Kilos)
Bagyo at Dilim
AMA
Book
DIYOS
Konteksto ng Kristyanismo:
Tayo’y manlalakbay lamang
1. Motif ng paglalakbay:
The conqueror
becomes the saviour.
• Makikita ang proseso ng
kolonisasyon:
• Pinapaniwala ang katutubo na ang
pananakop nila ay pagliligtas.
• Colonial mentality:
• Kawalan ng nakikitang mabuti sa
katutubong sarili
• Pagwasak sa GUNITA
PAGMUMUNI
• Kapwa katutubo sa isang
reduccion
• Tagapagsalita ng katutubo
Ikawalong talata
Tinig nagmamakaawa
mula sa baba paitaas
Anak sa magulang
Manliligaw sa nililigawan
PERSONA
Nanunuyo, nagpaparangal,
nagmamakaawa
Patalastas
TAGALOG
Tinig ng makapangyarihan
Nagtatakda ng dapat at di-dapat
Diyos sa tao
Ni Fernando Bagongbanta
Ay capoua ko Tagalog
Pawiin ang catamaran
Lalaqui man at babayi
At ang manğa batang munti
Mag si pag-aral din nito…
Dudunong na di sapala
Tingin niya
At maguiguing banal din
kapantay na niya
Na ualang pagcacaibhan ang Kastila dahil
Nang Castila,t, nang Tagalog. nabasa na niya ang
libro.
Short Story
• Gregorio Brillantes\
Post-war
“Faith, Love, Time and Dr.
Lazaro”
Bienvenido Santos
“Distance to Andromeda”
“You Lovely People”
• Hilda Cordero Fernando
“The Day the Dancers Came”
“The Level of Each Day’s
“The Contender”
Needs”
“The Scent of Apples”
“Visitation of the Gods”
• NVM Gonzales
• Estrella Alfon
“Children of the Ash Covered
“Magnificence”
Loam”
• Kerima Tuvera
“The Warm Hand”
“The Virgin”
“The Tower”
“Bread of Salt”
Post-war
Literary Characteristics • Emphasis on a key moment (moment of
illumination) which usually appears at the
end of the story, a moment in the story where
Pre-war the perceptive reader gets the key or gains an
• The unified single
impression or effect insight into the total intention of the story
through atmosphere, (theme), a kind of psychic growth in the
tone and style main character, a change, a momentary
shaking
• Plausible
characterization • Consistent point of view
• Well-defined plot • Use of symbols
structure • Evocative use of language (for atmosphere
• Control of language and tone)
as medium • Overall structural unity (blending of form
• Interesting situation and content
and significant • Plot structure in the sense of forward
theme movement
Forward Movement
The central character change in the end
1. Heightening of old awareness
2. Reversal of attitude
3. Realization of the truth about human nature or
condition or about himself