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Acetaminophen (paracetamol)
efective and safe drug for managing mild to moderate
pain
acts through a centrally mediated prostaglandin
inhibition to decrease the hypothalamic temperature set
point
Rectal administration of acetaminophen has been
shown to be effective for prevention of shivering in the
therapeutic hypothermia.
PURPOSE
exclusion criteria:
• history of allergy to paracetamol
• cardiopulmonary disease
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• renal disease (creatinine more than 1.5)
• chronic lung disease
• liver disease
• history of alcohol abuse
• body temperature more than 38°C or less than 36°C
55 parturients 55 parturients
100 ml normal saline 1 gram paracetamol in 100 ml normal saline
Fentanyl 2 μg/kg
Midazolam 0.05 mg/kg
Oxytocin 30 IU were infused
End of operation
Neuromuscular
Blokage Neostigmine 0.04 mg/kg
Reversal Atropine 0.02 mg/kg
Extubasi
Observation 30’
Tsai and Chu methods
SCORE 0 no shivering
SCORE 1 one or more of the following: Piloerection,
peripheral, vasoconstriction, peripheral
cyanosis with no other cause, but no
muscle activity
SCORE 2 implies visible muscular activity confined
to one muscle group
SCORE 3 implies visible muscular activity in more
than one muscle group
SCORE 4 mplies gross muscular activity involving
the whole body
Telusur Jurnal
PICO
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D
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ALLOCATION
Apakah penempatan Intervention dan Control diacak dan disembunyikan? YA
Apakah kelompok-kelompok Intervention dan Control
sebanding pada awal percobaan? YA
MAINTENANCE
Apakah kedua kelompok memperoleh kointervensi yang sama? YA
Apakah ada kecukupan tindak lanjut? YA
Pengukuran apa yang digunakan dan seberapa
dampak perlakuannya?
Mungkinkah dampak terjadi karena kebetulan?