NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCE

OF ENERGY
 ENERGY
 Energy broadly means the capacity of something, a person, an
animal or a physical system to do work and produce change.
 Used in science to describe how much potential a physical
system has to change.

Energy

Non-conventional Conventional
source of energy source of energy
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

• Those energy sources which are renewable and

ecologically safe.
• Such as Solar energy, Wind energy, Biomass
energy, Ocean energy (Tidal energy, Wave
energy, Ocean thermal energy), Geothermal
energy, Nuclear energy etc.
• Some sources of energy are non renewable like
coal, petroleum and natural gas.
 NON CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
 About 16% of global final energy consumption comes
from renewable, with 10% coming from
traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating,
and 3.4% from hydroelectricity.
 New renewable (small hydro, modern biomass, wind,
solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another
3% and are growing very rapidly.
 The share of renewable in electricity generation is
around 19%, with 16% of global electricity coming from
hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewable.
WIND ENERGY

WIND ENERGY
 WIND ENERGY
 Wind energy is used in wind mills
which converts the kinetic energy of
the wind into mechanical or electrical
energy.
 The kinetic energy of wind can be
used to do mechanical work like
lifting water from wells or grinding
grains in flour mills.
 A single wind mill produces only a
small amount of electricity.
 WIND ENERGY
 Large number of wind mills in
a large area are coupled
together to produce more
electricity in wind energy
farms.
 The minimum wind speed
required is 15km/hr.
 At present wind power
potential of India is 1020 Mw
 Largest wind farm is near
Kanyakumari in Tamil-Nadu
generate 380 MW electricity
Advantages :-
 It is a renewable source of
energy.
 It does not cause
pollution.
 The recurring cost is less.
Disadvantages :-
 Wind is not available at all
times.
 It requires a large area of
land.
 A minimum wind speed of
15 km/h is required.
SOLAR ENERGY
 SOLAR ENERGY
Energy obtained from the sun is
in the form of heat and light.
The solar energy received by the
near earth space is
approximately 1.4
kilojoules/second known as solar
constant
The heat energy is used in solar
heating devices like solar cooker,
solar water heater, solar
furnaces etc. The light energy is
used in solar cells.
 SOLAR CELL
 Device which converts solar
energy into electrical energy.
Solar cells are made from semi
conductors like silicon, germanium,
gallium etc.
A single solar cell produces a
voltage of about 0.5 to 1 V and
produces about 0.7 W electricity.
Several solar cells are arranged in
a solar panel to produce more
electricity.
 ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR ENERGY
 After initial investment, all the electricity
you produce is free.
 It is abundant.
 It is everlasting.
 It is available almost everywhere.
 It is free from political barriers.
 Incentives and rebates from
governments and utility companies offset
the initial investment.
 Reduce or completely eliminate your
electric bill.
 Cost of solar panels are decreasing while
efficiency is increasing.
HYDRO POWER PLANTS
 HYDRO POWER PLANTS
 In hydro power plants water from
rivers are stored by constructing
dams.
 Micro hydro systems are
hydroelectric power installations that
typically produce up to 100 kw of
power.
 They are often used in water rich
areas as a remote-area power
supply (raps).
 Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
systems derive kinetic energy from
rivers and oceans without using a
dam.
 E.g. – Idukki Dam situated in Idukki.
Advantages:-
 Flowing water is a renewable source of energy.
 The electricity produced does not cause pollution.
 The water stored in dams can also be used to control floods and for
irrigation.
 Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant-
rate.
 Often large dams become tourist attractions in their own right.
Disadvantages :-
 The initial cost is high.
 Large areas of land gets submerged and the decomposition of
vegetation produces methane gas which is a green house gas.
 It causes displacement of people from large areas of land.
BIOGAS
 BIOGAS PLANT
 Mixture of gases containing methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and
hydrogen sulphide.
 Anaerobic degradation means break down of organic matter by bacteria in
the absence of oxygen.
 The biogas plant has a large underground tank made of bricks and cement.
 The lower part is the digester and the upper part has a dome with a gas
outlet.
 BIOGAS PLANT
Animal dung is mixed with water in the mixing tank and the slurry is
sent into the digester.
The gas is taken out through the gas outlet and used for heating and
lighting purposes.
The slurry left behind is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus and is used as
manure for crops.
From cattle dung alone we can produce biogas of a magnitude of
22,500 MW annually.
A sixty cubic feet gobar gas plant can serve the needs of one average
family.
This gas contains 55 – 70 percent methane, which is inflammable and
it is generally used as cooking gas and for generation of electricity.
FIXED DOME TYPE BIOGAS PLANT
 ADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS
 Clean, non-polluting and cheap
 Direct supply of gas from tank.
 No maintenance cost
 Does not cause any health hazard.
 Provides us both the fuel and the manure.
TIDAL ENERGY
 TIDAL ENERGY
 As you know we have a large coastline and major river systems in
our country, electricity can be generated on a large scale from
waves and tides.
 The periodic rise and fall of sea level due to gravitational
attraction of the moon causes tides.
 A Tidal barrage is constructed at a narrow opening between the
land and sea.
 The movement of water during high tide and low tide can be used
to rotate the turbines of generators to produce electricity.
 Tidal power site in India :- Gulf of Cambay, Gulf of Kutch and the
Sundarbans delta.
TIDAL ENERGY
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 It means the energy harnessed from the hot rocks present inside the earth .
 High temperature, high pressure steam fields exit below the earth’s surface in
many places.
 At the core, temperatures may reach over 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
 This heat comes from the fission of radioactive material naturally present in the
rocks.
 The deeper regions of the earth’s crust is very hot. This heat melts rocks and
forms magma.
 The magma moves up and collects below at some places called Hot spots.
 The underground water in contact with hot spot gets heated into steam at high
pressure.
 By drilling holes into hot spots the steam coming out can be used to rotate
turbines of generators to produce electricity.
 ADVANTAGES OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
 Significant Cost Saving : Geothermal energy generally involves low running
costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate
the power.
 Reduce Reliance on Fossil Fuels : Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with
the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the sky-rocketing prices of
oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of
energy.
 Environmental Benefits : helped in reducing global warming and pollution ,
does not create any pollution as it releases some gases from deep within the
earth which are not very harmful to the environment.
 Direct Use : Since ancient times, people having been using this source of
energy for taking bath, heating homes, preparing food and today this is also
used for direct heating of homes and offices.
 Job Creation and Economic Benefits .
BIOFUEL
 BIOFUEL
 Biofuels include a wide range of fuels which
are derived from biomass.
 The term covers solid biomass, liquid
fuels and various biogases.
 Liquid biofuels include bio alcohols, such as
bioethanol, and oils, such as biodiesel.
 Gaseous biofuels include biogas, landfill gas
and synthetic gas .
 Bioethanol is an alcohol made
by fermenting the sugar components of plant
materials and it is made mostly from sugar
and starch crops.
 Trees and grasses, are also used as feedstock
for ethanol production. Ethanol can be used as
a fuel for vehicles in its pure form.
 ADVANTAGES OF BIO-DIESEL
 It is an agriculture based fuel substitute.
 It can be made from both vegetable oil and animal fats.
 It can be used without major modifications in engines.
 It does not need separate infrastructure for storage and
delivery.
 Handling bio-diesel is safer.
 It’s combustion emits less carbon monoxide, sulphates,
unburnt hydrocarbons and particulate matters, thus
reduces air pollution.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
 NUCLEAR ENERGY
 Nuclear energy is the energy is the
energy released during nuclear
reactions.
 some mass is converted into energy
very large amount of energy is
produced during nuclear reactions.
 Nuclear reactions are of two types:-
 Nuclear fission :- the nucleus of a
heavy atom like uranium, plutonium,
etc. splits into smaller nuclei with the
release of a large amount of energy.
 It is used to make atom bombs and to
produce electricity.
 NUCLEAR FISSION
 In a nuclear power plant the heat energy
produced by a controlled nuclear
 Fission chain reaction is used to
produce steam which rotates the
turbines of generators to produce
electricity.
 NUCLEAR FUSION:-
 A nuclear reaction in which small nuclei
fuse together to form a heavier nucleus with
the release of a very large amount of energy.
 The energy of sun is produced by the
fusion of hydrogen nuclei to form helium
nucleus.
 It is also used to make the hydrogen bomb.
 NUCLEAR FISSION
Advantages of nuclear energy :-
 It produces a very large amount of energy per unit mass
than any other source of energy.
 If safety measures are taken, it is more environment
friendly than fossil fuels.

Disadvantages:-
 The cost of a nuclear reactor is very high.
 The availability of nuclear fuel is limited.
 Nuclear reactors produce harmful nuclear wastes which is
difficult to dispose.
THANK YOU!