Basic of

common
cancer

dr Eueis Restetty SpB

Perbedaan :
Tumor Kanker

- benjolan - tumor ganas

abnormal

- Infeksi/ radang

- jinak
Jenis terbanyak :
Colon Cancer
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Cervical cancer
Prostate Cancer
Skin Cancer
Cancer Yearly Morbidity &
Mortality by Sex & Site
 Basic Facts About Colon Cancer

Removing polyps early may prevent them from becoming

cancer

2nd leading cause of cancer deaths.

3rd most common cancer in men and women
Early colon cancer usually has no symptoms.
Signs & symptoms typically occur only in
advanced colon cancer.
One of the most preventable cancers!
• Makan tinggi serat

• BAB rutin setiap hari

• Hindari konstipasi
 Basic Facts About Breast
Cancer
Most frequently diagnosed cancer in women.

Women have a 1 in 7 chance of getting

invasive breast cancer.
The chance of dying from breast cancer is
about 1 in 33.
Breast cancer death rates are going down.
This decline is probably the result of early
detection and improved treatment.
 Breast Cancer Screening
Guidelines
Earliest sign of breast cancer is usually an abnormality detected on a
mammogram before it can be felt by the woman or health care
professional.

40 and Older
Yearly mammogram
Yearly clinical breast exam

20’s and 30’s

Clinical breast exam every three years

Any age
Report any breast changes such as lump to
a doctor right away
If at increased risk, talk with a doctor about
starting screening earlier or having more
frequent exams
Gejala & Petanda Kanker
Payudara:
• Mula-mula ada benjolan tanpa keluhan

• Keluhan timbul : → sudah memasuki tahap lanjut

 WASPADA :

• Setiap benjolan

• Cairan dari puting susu (merah)

• Perlukaan kronis

• Puting susu tertarik ke dalam

• Perubahan permukaan kulit (spt kulit

jeruk)
Faktor
Resiko :
1. Haid pertama < 16 tahun

2. Menopause > 50 tahun

3. Tidak pernah menyusui anak

4. Melahirkan anak I > 35 tahun

5. Pernah ada tumor jinak mammae

6. Usia > 30 tahun

7. Riwayat keluarga : (+)

8. Terapi hormon yang lama / KB

Deteksi Dini :
- Periksa ke dokter

- Pemeriksaan fisik

- SADARI
Deteksi Dini :
• SADARI
FASILITAS DIAGNOSA
:
• Mamografi

• USG

• Pemeriksaan Patologi :
- Biopsi Jarum (Needle Biopsi)

- Biopsi Terbuka Operasi Kecil

 Basic Facts About Lung
Cancer
Tobacco smoke causes more than 8 out of 10 cases
and 1 in 5 deaths from lung cancer

Accounts for 29% of all cancer deaths.

Takes many years to develop and can not be seen
on X-ray in early stages.
Often metastasizes before it is found.
People who don’t smoke but who breathe the
smoke of others have a higher risk of lung cancer.
Non-smoking spouses of
smokers have a 30% greater
risk of developing lung
cancer than do spouses of
nonsmokers.
 Basic Facts About Cervical
Cancer
The primary cause of cervical cancer is infection with
human papillomavirus (HPV).

• When found and treated early, cervical

cancer often can be cured.
• Symptoms usually do not appear until
abnormal cervical cells become cancerous.
• Vaccines against HPV have been developed
and shown to be effective.
• New cases and deaths from
cervical cancer have gone down
in the past several
years due to screening.
Proses perjalanan Kanker
servix
• Transmisi HPV • Sel2 abnormal
melalui aktivitas dpt berkembang
seksual
di area servix
• Gejala yg jelas
adalah ada kutil di • Sel2 abnormal
area kelamin inilah yang akan
bertahap
• Bila sudah menjadi kanker
terinfeksi HPV &
imun tubuh tdk
dapat
memberihkan
Pencegahan :
• Kehidupan sex yg sehat

• Pap smear utk mendeteksi dini bila

ada sel2 abnormal di servix

• Vaksinasi
 Basic Facts About Prostate
Cancer
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in
men.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of

death in men, second only to lung cancer.
While 1 man in 6 will get prostate cancer during
his lifetime, only 1 man in 33 will die of this
disease.
65% of prostate cancer cases are diagnosed in
men 65 and older.
African American men are at higher risk.
 Prostate Cancer Screening
Guidelines
The 5-year survival rate for men diagnosed at a local or
regional stage approaches 100%.

Beginning at age 50, men should

be offered
the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
blood
test and a digital rectal
examination (DRE)
every year.
• Laki2 usia diatas 45 thn dgn
kebiasaan merokok dan minum kopi
memiliki peluang besar terkena
kanker prostat, dengan gejala awal
ada gangguan BAK

• Nokturia

• Tdk lampias/ tdk puas BAK

• Retensio urine
 Basic Facts About Skin
Cancer
Two main types of skin cancer are melanoma & non-
melanoma

Melanoma
Accounts for about 4% of skin cancer cases, but causes
about 79% of skin cancer deaths.
The number of new cases of melanoma in the U.S. is on
the rise.

Non-melanoma (basal cell or squamous cell)

Most common type of skin cancer – more than 1 million
cases a year
Most curable
People do not often die of these cancers. About 1,000 to
2,000 people die of non-melanoma skin cancer per year
in the U.S.
Men get these cancers about twice as often as women.
 Skin Cancer Early Detection
The best detection is to recognize changes in skin growths
or appearance of new growths.

Melanoma ABCD rule

Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variability
Diameter > 6 mm
(E for enlargement of evolution?)

Non-melanoma
Nonhealing, changing, growing sore or
bump
The Gold Standard of Diagnosis - Biopsy

• The only absolutely certain way to

diagnose a cancer is to take a cell
sample (a process called a biopsy)
and look at it under a microscope.
This is usually done by placing a
needle into the affected area and
sucking out some cells.

CT image-directed biopsy. A patient with a large retroperitoneal liposarcoma occupying

nearly 75% of the total abdominal and retroperitoneal space. A CT-directed needle
biopsy is being performed in an area of suspected liposarcoma dedifferentiation. The
posterior approach through the lumbar musculature allowed positive identification of
dedifferentiation, which led to initial neoadjuvant therapy prior to an ultimately
successful surgical resection.
 Cancer Risk Factors .

Risk factors that can’t be changed

Family or personal history of cancer

Age
Gender
Race
Genetics
 Cancer Risk Factors .

Risk factors that can be changed

Use of cigarette & other tobacco products

Diet (Obesity)
Physical inactivity
Alcohol use
Sun exposure
THANK YOU