HEREDITY:

INHERITANCE &

VARIATION
MODULE 2
ACTIVITY 1 PHENOTYPES AND GENOTYPES IN
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

1. Read the given problem.

In four o’clock plants, R is the allele for red color and W is allele
for white color. Two pink flowered four o’clock plants were crossed

Show the possible outcome of the cross between two pink

flowered four o’clock plants by using the Punnett square.
2. Now, another cross was made involving a red flowered four
o’clock plant and a pink flowered four o’clock plant.
3. Using the Punnett square again, show the possible outcome.
4. Show your Punnett square for problems 1 and 2 using    a Manila
   
paper
5. Present and discuss your answers.
Guide Questions:
Q1. How many types of gametes will each parent produce in problem
no. 1? In problem no. 2?
Problem 1: Two types of gametes for each parent, since their
genotypes are RW & RW
Problem 2: One parent will have one type of gamete and the other
two types of gametes, since their genotypes are RR & RW.

Q2. What is the phenotype of a heterozygous four o’clock flower?

Pink flowers
Q3. What are the possible phenotypes of the offspring from the cross of
the parental plants in problem no. 1? In problem no. 2?
Problem # 2 Red, Pink & White flowers
Problem # 1 Pink & Red flowers
Q4. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring from the cross of the
parental plants in problem no. 1? In problem no. 2?
Problem # 2 RR, RW
Problem # 1 RR, RW, WW
Key Concepts
Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate
inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not
completely dominant over the other allele. This results in a
third phenotype in which the expressed physical trait is a
combination of the dominant and recessive phenotypes.
ACTIVITY 2 MYSTERY BULL
OBJECTIVES:
1. List the genotypes of the bull and cow in the given problem
2. Diagram and complete a Punnett square
3. Give phenotypic percentages of the offspring

MATERIALS: (by group)
Marking pen
Manila paper
PROCEDURE:
1. Read the given problem.
•Mang Marcelino owns purebred red cows. In his farm he noticed that
after a typhoon several months ago, all of the fences that separate his
cattle from his neighbor’s cattle were destroyed. During the time that the
fences were down, three bulls, one from each neighbor, mingled with
his cows. For awhile, he thought that none of the bulls found his cows,
but over the months, he noticed that all of his cows are pregnant. He
suspected that one of the bulls is the father. Which bull is it? Help Mang
Marcelino look for the father by solving the given problem.
Determine the possible traits of the calves if :
 a red (RR) bull is mated with a red (RR) cow 1
 a red(RR) bull is mated with a white (WW) cow 2
 a roan(RW) is mated with a red(RR)cow 3
2. Illustrate your answers using a Punnett square.
3. Write your answers on the Manila paper.
Present and discuss your answers.
Q5. Will you be able to trace the father of the calves?
What are the possible phenotypes of the calves for each cow?
Yes
Cow 1 will have red calves; Cow 2 will have roan calves;
Cow 3 will have red and roan calves.

Q6. Do you think you will make Mang Marcelino happy about
the result of your investigation?
 Yes
Q7. How are you going to explain it to him?
 Student answers should be based on the Punnett square they have already
prepared in their activity.

Q8. How would you apply what you have learned to improve the breeds of
livestock in your area?

Q9. What possible suggestions can you give to animal breeders in your
area
Possible answer: Animal breeders can cross breed animals in order for them to get the
desired traits that will improve livestock in terms of meat quality and milk production.
Solving problems involving non-Mendelian inheritance makes you realize that there are no
absolutes in real life. Codominance is the result of two alleles sharing their territory
equally, so no color is dominant; they simply share traits, representing their color. In
cows, red and white do not combine to make pink; instead, roan is produced.
Remember, codominance is all about sharing space and being independent
• Key Concepts

In codominance, both alleles are expressed equally

in the phenotype of the heterozygote. For example,
red cows crossed with white cows will have offspring
that are roan cows. Roan refers to cows with red hair
and white blotches.
Activity 3 What’s your blood type?

Objective:
• Infer the unknown phenotypes of individuals on the
basis of the known phenotypes of their family members

Materials:
• Paper
• Pencil
PROCEDURE:
A. GIVEN THE BLOOD TYPES OF THE MOTHER AND
THE CHILD, IDENTIFY THE POSSIBLE BLOOD TYPE OF
THE FATHER.

Mother’s Blood Type Father’s Blood Type Child’s Blood Type

A A

B AB

AB B

O O
PROCEDURE:
A. GIVEN THE BLOOD TYPES OF THE MOTHER AND
THE CHILD, IDENTIFY THE POSSIBLE BLOOD TYPE OF
THE FATHER.

Mother’s Blood Type Father’s Blood Type Child’s Blood Type

A A, B, AB, or O A

B A or AB AB

AB B

A, B, AB, or O

O O
 B. SHOW THE POSSIBLE ALLELES THAT CAN
BE FOUND IN EACH OFFSPRING AND WRITE THE
BLOOD TYPE FOR EACH OFFSPRING.
 

Possible alleles from Father

A B  
O

Possible alleles 
from Mother
A  
Use the table to answer the following questions, and list all
possible blood types.

Q10. What blood type (or types) can be found in an offspring if a

mother has type A blood and the father has type B blood?
Q11. What blood type (or types) can be found in an offspring if a
mother has type AB blood and the father has type B blood?

Q12. What blood type (or types) can be found in an offspring if a

mother has type O blood and the father has type B blood?
Key Concepts:

In humans, there are four blood types (phenotypes): A, B,

AB, O. Blood type is controlled by three alleles: A, B, O.
O is recessive, two O alleles must be present for a person to
have type O blood. A and B are codominant. If a person
receives an A allele and a B allele, their blood type is type AB.