Component Of Blood

a. Plasma
• Characteristic : Plasma, being a liquid, consists
of 90% water. Plasma water is a medium for
materials being carried in the blood.
• Function : plasma absorbs and distributes
much of the heat generated metabolically
within tissues.
• Composition : water, electrolit, nutrient,
protein plasma ( albumin, globulin ) and
fibrinogen.
 b. Erythrocytes

Structure :
• biconcave discs 8 mm in diameter, 2 mm thick at the outer edges, and 1 mm thick in
the center
• flexible membrane
• Contain of hemoglobin.

Function : transporting O2 in the blood.

Concentration of Red Blood Cells in the Blood.
In healthy men, the average number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter is 5,200,000 ;
in women, it is 4,700,000.

ROLE OF HEMOGLOBIN
A hemoglobin molecule has two parts: (1) the globin portion, and (2) four
iron-containing, nonprotein groups known as heme groups, each of which is bound to
one of the polypeptides.
Hemoglobin plays the key role in O2 transportwhile contributing significantly to CO2
transport and the pHbuffering capacity of blood. Furthermore, by toting along its own
vasodilator, hemoglobin helps deliver the O2 it is carrying.

Life Span of Red Blood Cells is About 120 Days

When red blood cells are delivered from the bone marrow into the circulatory system,
they normally circulate an average of 120 days before being destroyed.
 c. Neutrofil

Structure :
• Constitute about 60 to 70% of blood leukocytes
• Nucleus contains several lobes connected by thin chromatin
Strands

Function : It is mainly the neutrophils and tissue macrophages that attack and destroy
invading bacteria, viruses, and other injurious agents.
• White Blood Cells Enter the Tissue Spaces by Diapedesis.
• White Blood Cells Move Through Tissue Spaces by Ameboid Motion.
• White Blood Cells Are Attracted to Inflamed Tissue Areas by Chemotaxis.
 d. Monosit

• Largest agranular leukocyte characterized primarily by

horseshoe-shaped nucleus
• Live in connective tissue for months where they become
powerful phagocytes
• Are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system
• Constitute about 3 to 8% of blood leukocytes
 e. Eusinofil

• Cytoplasm filled with large pink or eosinophilic granules

• Nucleus typically bilobed
• Have a short life span, in blood or connective tissue
• Are phagocytic with affinity for antigen–antibody complexes
• Release chemical that neutralizes histamine and other mediators
of inflammatory reactions
• Increase during parasitic infestation to destroy helminthic
parasites
• Constitute about 2 to 4% of the blood leukocytes
 f. Basofil

• Have a short life span

• Nucleus stains pale basophilic, but is normally obscured by dense cytoplasmic granules
• Granules contain histamine and heparin
• Exposure to allergens releases histamine that causes intense inflammatory response in
severe allergic reactions
• Constitute less than 1% of blood leukocytes
 g. Limfosit

• No granules in cytoplasm and vary in size from small to large

• Dense-staining nucleus surrounded by a narrow cytoplasmic rim
• Life span is from days to months
• Essential in immunologic defense of organism
• When exposed to specific antigens, B lymphocytes form plasma cells in connective
tissue
• Plasma cells release antibodies to counteract or destroy invading organisms
• Constitute about 20 to 30% of blood leukocytes