Artificial Neural Networks : An

Introduction

Submitted by:
RAGHAV MITTAL(16802002)
VANSHIKA GUPTA(16802014)
SUCHITA SHARMA(16802018)
KIRTI JAISWAL(16802020)
 Fundamental concept
• NN are constructed and implemented to
model the human brain.
• Performs various tasks such as pattern-
matching, classification, optimization
function, approximation, vector
quantization and data clustering.
• These tasks are difficult for traditional
computers
 ANN
• ANN posess a large number of processing
elements called nodes/neurons which operate in
parallel.
• Neurons are connected with others by
connection link.
• Each link is associated with weights which
contain information about the input signal.
• Each neuron has an internal state of its own
which is a function of the inputs that neuron
receives- Activation level
Artificial Neural Networks
x1
X1
w1

Xn Y y

x2
w2 y  f ( yin )
X2

yin  x1w1  x2 w2
 Biological Neural Network
• Has 3 parts
– Cell body:- cell nucleus is located
– Dendrites:- nerve connected to cell body
– Axon: carries impulses of the neuron
• Neuron receives signal from another neuron through dendrites.
• Neuron sends signal through axon and it passes it to synapse
followed by another cell.
Comparison between brain verses
computer
Brain ANN

Speed Few ms. Few nano sec. massive

||el processing
Size and complexity 1011 neurons & 1015 Depends on designer
interconnections
Storage capacity Stores information in its Contiguous memory
interconnection or in locations
synapse. loss of memory may
No Loss of memory happen sometimes.
Tolerance Has fault tolerance No fault tolerance Inf
gets disrupted when
interconnections are
disconnected
Control mechanism Complicated involves Simpler in ANN
chemicals in biological
neuron
 APPLICATION
I) Airline Security Control.
2) Investment Management and Risk Control.
3) Prediction of Thrift Failures.
4) Prediction of Stock Price Index.
5) OCR Systems.
6) Industrial Process Control.
7) Data Validation.
8) Risk Management.
9) Target Marketing.
10) Sales Forecasting.
11) Customer Research
 LIMITATIONS
• 1) ANN is not a daily life general purpose problem
• solver.
• 2) There is no structured methodology available in
• ANN.
• 3) There is no single standardized paradigm for
• ANN development.
• 4) The Output Quality of an ANN may be
• unpredictable.
• 5) Many ANN Systems does not describe how they
• solve problems.
• 6) Black box Nature
• 7) Greater computational burden.
• 8) Proneness to over fitting.
• 9) Empirical nature of model development.