EARTH’S INTERNAL HEAT SOURCE & three main sources of Earth's

internal heat & three types of

MAGMATISM magma generation
 EARTH WAS HOT WHEN IT FORMED. A LOT OF EARTH’S
HEAT IS LEFTOVER FROM WHEN OUR PLANET FORMED,
FOUR-AND-A-HALF BILLION YEARS AGO.
HOWEVER, EARTH'S INTERNAL HEAT IS MUCH LOWER
NOW THAN IT WAS AT THE EARLY PERIOD OF THE SOLAR
SYSTEM’S EXISTENCE.
 If you think about a volcano, you know
Earth must be hot inside. The heat inside
Earth moves continents, builds mountains
and causes earthquakes. Where does all this
heat inside Earth come from?
There are 3 main sources of Earth’s
interior heat
 THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES AT SAN
DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY NAMES EXTRATERRESTRIAL
IMPACTS, GRAVITATIONAL CONTRACTION AND
DECAY OF RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS > MORE
RADIOACTIVE DECAY
GRAVITATIONAL AS THE
ENERGY > THREE
HEAT MAIN
ENERGY SOURCES
STABLE FORMS RELEASING HEAT IN THE
OF EARTH'S INTERNAL HEAT.
PROCESS
Why is it hot underground?
 Did you know that…..

WHILE THE HEAT ENERGY PRODUCED INSIDE EARTH IS

ENORMOUS, IT’S SOME IS 5,000 TIMES LESS POWERFUL THAN
WHAT EARTH RECEIVES FROM THE SUN. THE SUN’S HEAT
DRIVES THE WEATHER AND ULTIMATELY CAUSES EROSION.
EARTH’S CORE TEMPERATURE IS ESTIMATED TO BE
AROUND 5,000 TO 7,000 DEGREES CELSIUS.
THAT’S ABOUT AS HOT AS THE SURFACE OF THE SUN, BUT
VASTLY COOLER THAN THE SUN’S INTERIOR.
MAGMATISM
MAGMA IS COMPOSED OF MOLTEN ROCK AND IS STORED IN
THE EARTH'S CRUST. LAVA IS MAGMA THAT REACHES THE
SURFACE OF OUR PLANET THROUGH A VOLCANO VENT.
 INTRODUCTION
MAGMATISM PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN MOUNTAIN FORMATION, AS
NEW ASCENDING MAGMAS PRODUCE ADDITIONAL MASS AND VOLUME
TO THE EARTH’S SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE. MAGMAS FORM BY
PARTIAL MELTING OF SILICATE ROCKS EITHER IN EARTH'S MANTLE,
THE CONTINENTAL OR THE OCEANIC CRUST.
TYPES OF MAGMA GENERATION

1 2 3
SUBDUCTION (1), HOT-SPOT VOLCANISM(2) AND MAGMATISM
ALONG RIFT ZONES(3) .
WHAT IS SUBDUCTION
 SUBDUCTION IS A KIND OF GEOLOGICAL RECYCLING. IT OCCURS
AT CONVERGENT TECTONIC PLATE BOUNDARIES OR WHERE TWO
TECTONIC PLATES COME CRASHING TOGETHER, IN SLOW MOTION OF
COURSE. ONE SINKS UNDER THE OTHER AND IS RECYCLED BACK INTO
THE MANTLE.
 DEEPWHEN AN OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE
EARTHQUAKES CAN OCCURMEETS A CONTINENTAL
AS THE TWO PLATESLITHOSPHERE IN
RUB AGAINST
AAEACH
SUBDUCTION
TECTONIC
THE OTHER ZONE, THE
TWO TECTONIC
PLATE
AND IS OCEANIC
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PLATES
RELEASE OF PLATE
AND
BOTH
ENERGY, ALWAYS
THECRUST
BUT GOES UNDER
LITHOSPHERE
THEYOR THE
ARE THE CONTINENTAL
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NOTINVOLVED
AS LAYERINOF
COMMON
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IS THE IN WHICH
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BECAUSE THEOF TWO
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MAKING PLATES
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THE
OR A SUBDUCTION
EARTH
AS AND
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THIN
AS MAY
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OCEANIC,
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OCCUR TOGETHER,
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AT BE
OTHER
UNDER
IS DENSER THAN THE
IN A OTHER, WE CALL
CONTINENTAL IT A SUBDUCTION
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WHEN TWO OCEANIC
THESE
OCEANIC
COME TWO LAYERS
AND
TYPES
TOGETHER, THE
OFONEAREOTHER
PLATE
MAY CALLED
SINK CONTINENTAL.
LITHOSPHERE.
BOUNDARIES.
UNDER THE OTHER.
 LITHOSPHERE MELTS INTO THE MAGMA OF THE MANTLE, THIS FLUID ROCK
BUBBLES UP THROUGH CRACKS IN THE CRUST AND ERUPTS, FORMING VOLCANOES.
THESE VOLCANOES FORM IN A LINE ALONG THE SUBDUCTION ZONE. WHEN
OCEANIC CRUST SINKS UNDER CONTINENTAL CRUST, WE SEE A LINE OF
VOLCANOES, CALLED A VOLCANIC ARC, FORM ON THE CONTINENT, USUALLY AS
PART OF A MOUNTAIN RANGE.
 WITH OCEANIC CRUST SINKING UNDER OTHER OCEANIC CRUST, THE
VOLCANOES FORM UNDER WATER. THE RESULT IS A CHAIN OF VOLCANIC
ISLANDS CALLED AN ISLAND ARC.
WHAT IS A HOT-SPOT
HOT SPOTS ARE PLACES WITHIN THE MANTLE WHERE ROCKS MELT TO GENERATE
MAGMA.
 MANTLE PLUMES ARE AREAS OF HOT, UPWELLING MANTLE. A HOT SPOT
DEVELOPS ABOVE THE PLUME. MAGMA GENERATED BY THE HOT SPOT RISES
THROUGH THE RIGID PLATES OF THE LITHOSPHERE AND PRODUCES ACTIVE
VOLCANOES AT THE EARTH'S SURFACE.
AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH IS THE HAWAIIAN HOT SPOT, IT HAS BEEN ACTIVE AT LEAST
70 MILLION YEARS, PRODUCING A VOLCANIC CHAIN THAT EXTENDS 3,750 MILES
(6,000 KM) ACROSS THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN.
RIFTS AND MOUNTAIN BUILDING
LESS SPECTACULAR FORMATION OF MOUNTAINS, INVOLVING MAGMA ADDITION INTO
THE EARTH’S SURFACE, OCCURS ALONG INCIPIENT SPREADING CENTERS, OCEANIC
RIDGES AND (CONTINENTAL) RIFTS.
OCEANIC RIDGES OCCUR AT DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES WHERE PLATES SEPARATE AND
MOVE IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS, ALLOWING NEW LITHOSPHERE TO FORM FROM
UPWELLING MAGMA, WHICH RISES UP DUE TO CONVECTION CURRENTS. THE
INTRUSION OF THESE MAGMAS MOST PROBABLY RESULTS FROM DECOMPRESSION
MELTING OF MAFIC ROCKS, GIVING RISE TO THE FORMATION NEW OCEANIC CRUST.
 MAGMATISM ALONG CONTINENTAL RIFTS IS GENERALLY OF SMALL VOLUME AND OF
A SPECIFIC AGE. THE VOLCANICS USUALLY SHOW DIVERSE COMPOSITION BECAUSE
THEY ARE NOT SOURCED FROM A SINGLE LARGE HEAT SOURCE. THEREFORE, NO
SINGLE COMPOSITION DOMINATES ALONG THE GEOGRAPHIC EXTENT OF THE RIFT OR
WITH TIME.
Sources:
https://www.reference.com/science/two-main-sources-heat-inside-earth-5e2fe11a83868270
http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Heat.html
http://earthsky.org/earth/what-is-the-source-of-the-heat-in-the-earths-interior
http://study.com/academy/lesson/subduction-definition-process.html
http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/v/geolearning/mountain_building/magmatism/index.html
http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/what-is-a-hot-spot
http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/v/geolearning/mountain_building/magmatism/generation_types/rift/index.html
http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/v/geolearning/mountain_building/magmatism/generation_types/hot_spot/index.html
http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/en/v/geolearning/mountain_building/magmatism/generation_types/subduction/index.html

Presentation prepared by:

Angela Nicole O. Nobleta
Angelu A. Fernandez
(Grade 11 – St. Gabriel)