BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

DR. AATIR FAYYAZ

NISHTAR MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
MULTAN
SURAH AL MAIDAH
AYAT 32
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this session, I expect this audience will
be able to:
 Assess the collapsed victim.
 Perform adequate chest compression and rescue
breathing.
 Placean unconscious breathing victim in the
recovery position.
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

 Level of medical care which is used for victims of

life threatening illnesses or injuries until they can
be given specialized medical care

 Provided by trained medical personnel,

firefighters, lifeguards, police officers, day care
providers, social workers and laymen
 BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
Sequences of procedures performed to restore the
circulation of oxygenated blood after a sudden
respiratory and/or cardiac arrest

Chest compressions and pulmonary ventilation

performed by anyone who knows how to do it,
anywhere, immediately, without any other equipment
& protective devices
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH

Sudden collapse
Loss of conciousness
No breathing
No pulse
MI may be associated with palpitations,
chest pain, sweating, shortness of breath
REVERSIBLE CAUSES OF
CARDIAC ARREST
5H 5T

o Hypoxia
o Toxins
o Hypovolemia
o Tension pneumothorax
o Hydrogen ions
o Tamponade
o Hypothermia
o Thrombosis coronary
o Hypo/hyperkalemia
o Thrombosis pulmonary
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
 CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
 Symptomatic therapy aimed at sustaining vital
organ function until natural cardiac function can
be restored

 It should not only follow cardiac or respiratory

arrest but at any time an individual cannot
adequately oxygenate or perfuse vital organs
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

C Compression

A Airway

B Breathing
CHECK RESPONSE

Shake shoulders gently

Ask “Are you all right?”
If responsive
Leave as it is
Find out what is wrong
Re-assess regularly
CHECK RESPONSIVNESS

 Un-responsive
 No Breathing
 Or Gasping
 No Pulse

 (Within 10 seconds)
ASSESS

Breathing
Check pulse for 10 sec
Put in recovery position
Non breathing
Check pulse for 10 sec
Start chest compressions
ACTIVATE EMERGENCY
RESPONSE SYSTEM 1122
START CHEST COMPRESSIONS

 Place the heel of one hand in

the centre of the chest
 Place other hand on top
 Interlock fingers
 Arms extended & elbows locked
 Compress the chest
 When possible change CPR
operator every 2 min
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

Push Hard
Push Fast
5 cm Depth in adults & children
4 cm in infants
At least 100 / minute
Better results with faster rates
Minimum interruptions
OPEN THE AIRWAY AND CHECK BREATHING

Lay Rescuer
head tilt– chin lift maneuver for both injured
and non injured victims
OPEN THE AIRWAY AND CHECK
BREATHING

Healthcare Provider
suspects a cervical spine injury
open the airway using a jaw thrust without
head extension
OPEN AIRWAY CHECK BREATHING
OPEN AIRWAY

Jaw thrust
CHECK BREATHING

While maintaining an open airway, check for

breathing.
If you are a lay rescuer and do not confidently
detect normal breathing or if you are a
healthcare provider and do not detect
adequate breathing within 10 seconds, give 2
breaths
RESCUE BREATHS
Mouth to mouth
Mouth to mask
Bag and mask
About 1 second
Allow chest to fall
Repeat
 WHY COMPRESSION FIRST

During the initial phase of SCA, when the pulmonary

vessels & heart contains sufficient oxygenated blood to
meet the markedly reduced oxygen supply to the vital
organs , the importance of chest compressions
supersedes ventilation. Consequently the initiation of
excellent cardiac compression is the first step to
improve the oxygen delivery to the tissues
Means ------ Oxygen delivery to heart & brain is limited
by blood flow rather than by arterial oxygen content
 AVOID EXCESSIVE VENTILATION

 Rise in ITP
 Decrease venous return
 Decrease pulmonary perfusion
 Decrease cardiac output
 Decrease coronary perfusion
 Decrease cerebral perfusion
 CONTINUE CPR

30 2
 CPR IN CHILDREN
 Adult CPR techniques
 Compressions 5 cm depth of the
chest but in infants
Compressions 1/3 of the depth
of the chest (4 cm)
 30:2 ratio one rescuer
 15:2 ratio two rescuer
CPR IN INFANTS
CPR IN INFANTS

Check response
Palpate brachial artery for pulse detection
Place 2 fingers in the centre of chest
Depress at least 1/3 of AP diameter
30:2 for single rescuer and 15:2 for two
rescuers
CPR IN PREGNANT FEMALES

 Similar adult technique

 Placement of rolled blanket under right hip to
avoid aortocaval compression
 Perform chest compression above the centre of
sternum
 Reduce volume of ventilation
IF VICTIM STARTS BREATHING NORMALLY
PLACE IN RECOVERY POSITION
1 2

3 4
 CONTINUE RESUSCITATION UNTIL

 Qualified help arrives and takes over

The victim starts breathing normally

Rescuer becomes exhausted

CHANGES IN THE 2010 GUIDELINES

 A change from A-B-C to C-A-B

 Providing high-quality chest compressions:
 Push hard, push fast
 Minimum interruptions
 Allow full chest recoil
 Avoid excessive ventilation
 Chest should be depressed at least 2 inches instead of
approx 1 ½ to 2 inches , recommended in 2005)
 Chest compressions should be performed at a rate of at
least 100/min ( about 100/min in 2005 recommendation)
CHANGES IN 2015

Emphasis on high quality CPR

Start compression within 10 seconds
Push hard, push fast
Allow complete chest recoil
Minimize interruptions
Effective breaths
Avoid excessive ventilation
RECENT CHANGES IN 2018
SUMMARY

 Perform the sequences in prescribed time

 Place heel of hand in centre of chest
 Push hard, push fast
 Minimum interruptions
TAKE HOME MESSAGE

PUSH HARD

PUSH FAST

PAUSES MINIMUM
THANK YOU