Hydro-meteorological

Hazard
Hydro meteorological Hazard
1. Typhoon
2. Thunderstorm
3. Lightning
4. Flashflood
5. Storm-surge
6. El Nino
7. La Nina
Typhoon
• AKA / Other name
• Hurricane – East Pacific Ocean
• Storm
• Cyclone – General Term
• Willie Willie - Australia
• Bagyo – Local name
• Typhoon – West Pacific Ocean
Different place; different name
• Greeks – whirlwind
• Chinese – tai fung / great wind
• Indian – too fan / big storm
• Caesar Fredrick – cyclone
• South American – tornado
• Australian – willie willie
Typhoon
-A Tumultuous Wind
moving in a spiral motion
-1/3 of cyclone are
formed on the west
pacific ocean

Clockwise spin – South

hemisphere

Counter Clockwise –
North hemisphere
Philippines
• 12-20 every year
• PAGASA – agency
responsible for
typhoon
• Philippine Area of
Responsibility
PAGASA
• Philippine • Responsible for
• Atmospheric monitoring,
forecasting weather
• Geophysical &
and classifying
• Astronomical cyclone
• Services
• Administration
Clustering Cyclone
• Based on • Tropical depression – 61 kph
strength • Tropical storm – 62-88 kph
of
• Severe Ts – 89-117 kph
maximum
sustained • Typhoon – 118-220 kph
winds • Super Typhoon – 220 above
PAGASA naming cyclones
• From American • Using 140 Filipino
tradition since 1963 easily recognizable
-Alphabetical order name
-uses female names • 4 column with 25 list
of names that will be
-ends with “ng” used every year
-at year 2000 they
start to use male
name
Typhoon Configuration
Eye – Clear sky, low pressure,
30-60 km. in diameter

Eye wall – Most turbulent wind

and drops of rain. Up to 118
kph

Inner rainband – 90% sky

coverage, generate moderate
rain

Outer rainband – 50% sky

coverage, generate moderate
rain
 Cloud Description
Sky Condition Description
Sunny or Clear Cloudless or Clear
Partly Cloudy 30 to 70 coverage or 2 to 5 octa
Partly to Times Cloudy 70 coverage; mostly partly cloudy
Mostly or Mainly Cloudy 6 to 8 octa, have brief visible
sunlight
Cloudy 70 coverage, 6 to 8 okta
Overcast 100 coverage, with thick clouds
Okta Scaling
• Cloud Coverage
scaling
• Using an 0 – 8 scale
• 0 means no cloud
• 4 half
• 8 full coverage
TYPHOON
sd
• ad
Rain and Rainshower Description
• Rains – • Rainshower –
Uninterrupted Precipitation of
precipitation that short duration with
has droplet of abrupt start and
atleast 0.5 mm or hasty end but strong
greater and last for intensity
several hours
Rainshowers

• Squally rain showers- with sudden strong winds or

gale force
• Occasional rain showers – occasional and varying
amount
• Isolated – on a specific spot or small spot
• Scattered – distributed on bigger area
Rains
• Intermittent rain – on and off rain
• Frequent rain – regular and often throughout
• Widespread rain – extensive area
• Occasional –not frequent but recurrent
• Monsoon rain – heavy and continuous caused
by SW or NW monsoon
Rains
• Very light Rain – scattered drops, does not
completely wet exposed area

• Light rain -2.5 mm/hr.

• Moderate rain – 2.5-7.5 mm/hr

• Heavy rain – 7.5 mm/hr above, overcast, causes

uproar on roofs
Rainfall warning Levels
Automatic Suspension
• Signal #1
Kindergarten are
suspended
• Signal #2 Highschool
Level are suspended
• Signal #3 College
Level are suspended
Pre disaster measures
Be updated
Make your emergency plan for
your family
Clean or Unclogged the drainage
system, secure or reinforce
your houses, trim possible tree
that can be a hazard
Elevate furnitures and
appliances for possible flooding
Follow your local governments
advise for evacuation
For farmers, harvest crops
days before cyclone

Prepare EMEGENCY KIT : For fishermens, secure boats

food, water, equipment,
documents
During disaster
• Keep updated
• Avoid drinking water that
is not properly manage
• Be cautious when using
candles and other light
sources
• Turn off electricity when
flood is rising
• Stay inside your house
• If possible
Post disaster
• Keep updated • Make sure to drink
• Inspect for damages in safe water
your houses • Report broken
• Make sure it is safe to electrical cables
turn-on the electricity immediately
before doing so • Be cautious on animals
• Keep in mind for a that may possible to
leptospirosis infection enter your house
 Thunderstorm
Type of storm with the
occurrence of lightning,
thunder, strong winds and
rain

Also known as..

Lightning storm
Electrical storm
Thunder shower
Stages of development

Quick rise of
water vapor
creating clouds
Stages of development

Generates
strong winds,
rains and
lightning due to
downdraft
Stage when
storm is its
strongest
stage
Stages of development

Rain dissipates,
sometimes
lightning and
winds persists

Cloud starts to
weaken
Signs of Impending Thunderstorm
• Towering cumulous
cloud
• Shadows of dark
skies
• Lightning and
thunder
• Statics on comm.
gadgets
Lightning hazard
On average in
US, there is
100 deaths per
year due to
lightning
Lightning hazard
Lichtenberg
figure
Pre Disaster Mngt.
• Create an emergency
plan, emergency
communication plan
and kit
Pre Disaster Mngt.
• Cancel outdoor
activity
Pre Disaster Mngt.
• Turn off all
electrical appliances
to avoid power
surges
Pre Disaster Mngt.
• Remember 30/30
lightning rule
30/30 lightning rule
• 30 seconds • 30 minutes

• A lightning followed • After hearing the

by a thunder within last thunder, keep
30 seconds means indoors for 30
the storm is within minutes
range
Lightning safety Position
• Lessens
the current
that can
pass
through
the body
During phase
• Stay away from open
portion of the house
like windows and
doors, don’t lean or
lie on concrete floors
and walls
During phase
• Avoid communication
lines and power line,
unplug appliances
During phase
• Stay away from open
portion of the house
like windows and
doors
During phase
• Keep off from sinks,
faucets and bathtubs
• dont use water in
washing or bathing
During phase
• If outside.. Avoid
body of water like
ponds and rivers
• Quickly hide on
shelter on buildings
During phase
• If on vehicle.. Close
the windows, stay
inside and don’t park
near trees
During phase
• Stay away from open
fields, isolated
trees, post or small
vehicles with no solid
roofs
Post stage
• Report damage
electrical posts
Post stage
• Help people who
were struck by
lightning..

• Stay away from the

area of the storm
Flood
• a transitory pour
out of a normally
waterless area due
to spill over a body
of water, build up
from rain and/or
destabilization of
shorelines
Causes
• Natural

• Heavy rain
• High tide
• Storm surge
Man made
• INFRASTRUCTURE AND
COASTAL DEVELOPMENT
• GARBAGE DISPOSAL
• BLASTING – when rivers
or lakes gets damage or
realigned
• INFORMAL SETTLERS
• DEFORESTRATIONS
• FAILURES OF LEVEES
AND DAM
Types of flood
• Major flood – results from
overflowing of rivers and
lakes, or serious damage on
dams and

• Minor flood – results from

downpour of rain on flat areas

• Flash flood – flood that builds

up less than six hours. It
builds up on area with a steep
slopes of rivers
Types of flood
Storm surge
Storm Surge
• Unusual ascend of
water or tide over a
calculated wave due
to a storm
Storm surge
Factors of stormsurge
• Wind pressure – the • Tidal effect - adds
stronger the wind of height of the storm
storm the higher the surge
peak of the storm • Shape of the
surge coastline – the
• Rain fall effect – gentler the slope the
increases the water higher the coastal
level on coast and in surge
land
Factors of stormsurge
• Wind pressure – the
stronger the wind of
storm the higher the
peak of the storm
surge
Factors of stormsurge

• Rain fall effect –

increases the water
level on coast and in
land
Factors of stormsurge

• Tidal effect - adds

height of the storm
surge
Factors of stormsurge

• Shape of the
coastline – the
gentler the slope the
higher the coastal
surge
Factors of stormsurge

• Shape of the
coastline – the
gentler the slope the
higher the coastal
surge
El nino
EL NINO
• Extreme warming of • Can last for up to 9
sea surface in the months up to 2 years
Pacific Ocean • usually peaks on
• Produces heavy rains December
and extreme drought
in different part of
the globe
• Happens every 2 to
9 years
EL Nino in Ph
• Late onset of rainy
season and early
cessation
• Weak monsoon activity
and tropical cyclone
• Producing
• Droughts , food
shortage, fire and
different health
concerns
LA NINA
• Change on • Gives a bizarre
atmospheric pressure freezing ocean
or southern temperature
oscillation on the • Increasing rainfall
western pacific over the wester half
ocean of the pacific ocean
• And intensified
hydrometeorological
hazard
Question
• 1- The process of sinkhole formation where
rocks and soils mixed in with water and
displaces it somewhere else?
Question
• 2- specifc type of sedimentary rocks
present in the bedrocks of Bohol and Cebu
that contributes to sinkhole formation
Question
• 3- technology that uses sound to read the
density of the ground
Question
• 4- sediments in water supply is a probable
sign of what type of sinkhole
Question
• 5- Cyclones that are formed on the West
Pacific Oceans are also called what?
Question
• 6- sky covered half by clouds are
considered partly cloudy and has a scale of
what on okta scale?
Question
• 7- 8 okta scale has what cloud description
Question
• 8- rate of maximum sustained wind speed of
cyclone before it can be considered as
typhoon
Question
• 9- rainfall warning color that has a rate of
15 to 30 mm/hr of raindrop
Question
• 10-type of rainshower that is only located
on one specific place in a given time
Question
• 11. what is the difference of typhoon and
thunderstorm in terms of duration
Question
• 12. what is the difference of typhoon and
thunderstorm in terms of location
Question
• 13. what season does thunderstorm are
most likely to form
Question
• 14. which factor of stormsurge can be
manipulated or modified to lessen the impact
of high waves
Question
• 15. True or false..
• La Nina may cause droughts
Question
• 16. True or false..
• El Nino causes Droughts and intense hot
weather on places near the east pacific
ocean
Question
• 17. True or False..
• El Nino may happen once every decade
Question
• 18. True or False..
• El Nino usually peaks on the month of
december
Question
• 19. explain 30/30 lightning rule
Question
• 20. explain how does the lightning safety
position minimize damage from a lightning
strike
Question
• 21. enumerate the factors that contribute
to the formation of cyclone
Question
• 22. the lowest category of cyclone in the
west pacific ocean
Question
• 23. 6 okta can be describe as which cloud
description
Question
• 24. enumerate the stages of development
of a thunderstorm
Question
• 25. El Nino can cause severe precipitation
and extreme cold weather near the east
pacific ocean
Question
• 22.