PROPER

English for
WASTE
Academic
DISPOSAL
and
&
Professional
MANAGEMENT
Purposes
o Capable of contaminating environmental systems
o Disrupting system’s natural processes and cycles so that the resources
that we may need may not meet the quality that is suitable for our
lifestyle and health
I. Solid Waste
-made up of objects and particles that accumulate on the site
-Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, and it includes solid
portions of the discarded material such as glass bottles,
crockeries, plastic containers, metals and radioactive wastes.

The solid wastes may be biodegradable or non-biodegradable.

The biodegradable solid wastes are The non-biodegradable wastes includes
agricultural wastes, food wastes, plastic, metals, synthetic
paper, food processing by products, materials, radio active waste etc.
manure, yard wastes etc.
:: Apply segregation and A.Segregation
implement Solid waste can be grouped based on
the 3 R’s their ability to decompose.

Biodegradable waste are usually wet and

organic, such as kitchen waste.
Nonbiodegrdable waste, on the other
hand, re those that are usually dry like
plastics, paper and glass .

Segregating waste can help reduce

the volume of wastes generated in every
homes and establishment since waste
may still be recovered and be used for a
different purpose.
 Recycling is using the object again for different purpose. Recycled
materials may be used in either its original form or maybe
converted to another form to be used as raw material for a
different product.
Reusing is finding a new way to use trash so Reducing is cutting back on the amount of trash we make.
that we don't have to throw it out. Reuse is Reduction is the practice of designing, manufacturing,
using materials or objects for the same purchasing, using, and reusing materials so that the amount of
purpose. waste or its toxicity is reduced.
-a Compost is a mixture of organic wastes(especially cut or minced
peelings of vegetables or fruits, grass clippings, cut papers, etc.) that
is combined with soil.

-this mixture is high in nutrients and can be used as natural fertilizer

to plants. If you have a garden or maintain plants in pots, compost is
a very good mean of making your soil fertile instead of buying
commercial fertilizers
-Is the final disposal site of all the wastes that were not removed from
segregation and sorting. It is not just a place for dumping wastes.

-The operation of a sanitary landfill ideally prevents the contamination

of environmental systems from either the wastes themselves or the by-
products of these waste materials.
A clay barrier and a plastic liner at the bottom to prevent seepage of chemicals into the
ground. The liquid waste generated by decomposing garage is called a LEACHATE. It is toxic
and may contaminate groundwater systems.
A Leachate collecting pipe to direct leachate to a treatment plant. The leachate should be
removed of its toxins prior to discharge to a natural water system.

A refuse cell is a designated portion of the landfill that receives the garbage for a given time If
that is already full, another refuse cell will be opened. This system minimizes scattering of
waste in random places. The confinement of wastes in one portion makes the entire landfill
operation easier to manage

Compaction and daily cover are also implemented to control contamination. Compaction is
process by which the porosity of a given form of sediment is decreased as a result of its
mineral grains being squeezed together by the weight of overlying sediment or by mechanical
means. Daily Cover is the layer of compressed soil or earth which is laid on top of a day's
deposition of waste on an operational landfill site.
 The characteristic of wastewater depend on the operation where ti
comes from. For industrial and commercial wastewater, a custom-fit
water wastewater treatment facility should be designed and used to
ensure that their liquid waste are free from contaminants before
discharging to their final outfall. In cities and other large communities
where liquid wastes comes from toilets and kitchens, a simple
wastewater treatment facility is recommended. It is called sewage
treatment plat (STP).

STP comprises two treatment processes:

A. Primary Sewage Treatment
B. Secondary Sewage Treatment
A.Primary Sewage Treatment
This is usually a physical treatment that separates solid articles from
the liquid through large screens. It makes use of filtration and sedimentation
processes.

B. Secondary Sewage Treatment

This usually eliminates or atleast reduces the amount of organic load.
Here, certain bacteria or microorganism are grown into the holding pond and
allowed to feed on the dissolved organic matter. In most cases, an aeration
system is incorporated to encourage this action. In the end, the microorganisms,
together with other organic wastes (collectively called sewage sludge), settle out.
The sludge that settles consists of living and dead microorganisms and their
waste products. Sludge can be hauled out regularly and disposed to landfills.
Urban development has increased the production of wastes even in gaseous
forms. Human activities that involves machines and other technology emits
gaseous pollutants. Hence, the larger scale of operation, the
higher the volume of toxicity is emitted by this industries. In
heavy industry such as mining, energy production, and manufacturing, certain
air pollutants should be abated through filters or detoxification processes.
These added kinds of equipment are applied in chimneys or other sources of air
pollutants for immediate gas treatment before emission to the atmosphere.
In small scale machines, like vehicles or electronic appliances, gaseous emissions
are sometimes overlooked because some toxic gases are invisible, like ozone
depleting substances (ODS) such as aerosols and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that
have escaped directly to the stratosphere to destroy the ozone layer.

WAYS TO REDUCE/AVOID OBVIOUS EMISSIONS LIKE DARK

SMOKE:
. This reduces the need to produce energy because the consumption
is lessened. It should be noted that the process of producing energy is extractive and
polluter, especially with the use of the conventional non-renewable sources of energy.
. Vehicles that uses catalytic converters in cars have
improved their emissions with the reduction of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and
volatile organic compounds. This also necessitates the use of unleaded fuels.
Carpooling can greatly reduce the amount of air pollution in the air. Also, if your
destination is near, you can do some exercise by walking or using a bicycle.
. Burning leaves in the backyard has been a cultural habit of Filipinos.
Aside from being just plain habit, it is believed to drive away mosquito from the
house. However, burning releases toxic chemicals like dioxins and furans that are
associated with respiratory problems.
. Avoid using consumer products
that have chemicals. Chemical-based insect killers, for example, may instantly
eliminate pests, but their chemical content maybe high and very toxic to your health
and to your environment.

. Join in the initiatives and programs that

can help increase awareness of pollution reduction in your community.