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The First Voyage Around the

World
1519-1522

Presentors: Raymundo S. Canizares


Ma. Cleta A. Santos
Northwest Samar State
University
The Book and Its
Context
 Antonio Pigafetta’s account is
the source of information about
Magellan’s expedition
 narrates the voyage and all
matters that had occurred daily
in their voyage
 the Relation of the Voyage is
addressed to Grand Master
Philippe Villiers de L’Isle-Adam
 was presented to King Charles V
The Book and Its Context
continued..

Europe had no idea what had befallen Magellan and his men after they set sail in
1519. It was up to Pigafetta to tell the story, which his journal was more than
capable of doing. He drew up a copy of his notes (polished up, complete with
illustrations of various islands they had encountered) and had them published in
a French version in 1523.
Pigafetta, with an easy manner and an eye for the unusual,
produced a very readable account of the first successful
circumnavigation and gave readers a glimpse into the
manners and customs of the native people encountered, as
well as information on local flora and fauna. He also
compiled glossaries of native words, giving their European
equivalent
About the Author
• Born: circa 1491 to a Patrician family in Vicenza,
Italy
• At a young age, Antonio already wanted to travel,
to see “the very great and awful things of the
ocean.”
• He served as secretary to the Papal Ambassador to
the Court of King Charles I, in Valladolid, Spain
• There he learned that King Charles I was
sponsoring an expedition, backed by Germany’s
Frugger family of bankers, to reach the East Indies
by sailing west, and will be commanded by
Ferdinand Magellan.
About the Author continued…

• With the letters of recommendation from the King, young Antonio went to Seville
and signed on as the only non-seaman, civilian tourist/observer.
• He served the captain, i.e. Magellan, as log-keeper and amanuensis - an artistic
assistant.
• Due to Magellan’s demise, Pigafetta, wounded, arrived back in Spain with a load of
cloves valuable enough to more than pay for the entire expedition.
• Back in Italy, he wrote more accounts of the trip.
• He entered the monastic Order of the Knights Hospitaller of St. John of Jerusalem →
Knights of Rhodes → Knights of Malta
• He took his vows in 1530 with the Grand Master, Philippe de Villers l’Ile-Adam as
his new client
• He died in 1536 defending Malta against the attacking Turks
About the Author continued…

Casa Pigafetta, his palace in Vicenza.


About the Author continued…
The Magellan–Elcano Circumnavigation
• The Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation was the
first voyage around the world in human history. These men
were the first to circumnavigate the globe in a single
expedition.
• It was a Spanish expedition that sailed from Seville in
1519 under the command of Ferdinand Magellan, a
Portuguese, in search of a maritime path from Spain
around the Americas to East Asia across the Pacific Ocean.
• Following Magellan's death in Mactan (Philippines) in
1521, Juan Sebastián Elcano took command of the
ship Victoria, sailing from Borneo, the Spice Islands and
back to Spain across the Indian Ocean, round the Cape of
Good Hope and north along the west coast of Africa. They
The Spanish fleet, the Armada de Molucca, that left
Spain on 20 September 1519 consisted of five ships
with 270 men: 
1. Trinidad under Magellan, Captain General; 
2. San Antonio under Juan de Cartagena; 
3. Concepcion under Gaspar de Quesada; 
4. Santiago under João Serrão;
and Victoria under Luiz Mendoza.
5. the Victoria, under the command of Juan
Sebastián Elcano and a crew of 18 men, which
returned to Spain on 6 September 1522. The
circumnavigation was completed by one ship.
Ferdinand Magellan
• Ferdinand Magellan was born in a noble family at
Portugal in 1480.
• After serving as a court page for two years, he decided
to be an explorer.
• In March 1505 at the age of 25, Magellan enlisted in
the fleet of 22 ships sent to host D. Francisco de
Almeida as the first viceroy of Portuguese India.
• He participated in several battles, including the battle
of Cannanore in 1506, where he was wounded. In 1509
he fought in the battle of Diu. He later sailed under 
Diogo Lopes de Sequeira in the first Portuguese
embassy to Malacca, with Francisco Serrão, his friend
and possibly cousin.[
• 1512, he was stationed in Morocco and made plans to
find a western shortcut to the Spice Islands
Ferdinand Magellan continued…

• Unfortunately, King Emmanuel of Portugal refused to


finance his journey which prompted him to renounce his
Portuguese citizenship and offer his services to King
Charles I of Spain
• The voyage started with around 240 men in five ships
• Visited Philippines named it (Archipelago of St. Lazarus)
Ferdinand Magellan continued…
• The Pacific Ocean proved to be one of the
toughest tests that they would face
• Ship crew suffered from extreme hunger and
were forced to feed on rats, sawdust, leather
and maggots (Around 20 men died)
• When they finally arrived in the Philippine
Islands, they started converting natives to
Christianity
• Mactan local chief Lapu-lapu and his men
were upset when Magellan insisted that they
convert - On April 27, 1521, Magellan was
killed when he got struck by a poisoned
arrow
Background of the Period
Pre-19c European Imperialism
European
Nationalism,
Source Boost
For Raw Prestige
Materials
Industrial Missionary
Revolution Activity

Markets European
for Motives Military
Finished & Naval
Goods For Imperialism Bases

Social
Darwinism

Places to
European Dump
Racism Unwanted/
Excess Popul.

Humanitarian Soc. & Eco.


“White Reasons Opportunities
Man’s
Burden”
Treaty of Tordissellas
• A division of the lands beyond Europe between Portugal and the
Crown of Castille.
• Signed on June 7, 1494.
• Takes the boundary line given in Inter caetera , but moves it 270
leagues west.
• Inter caetera: A papal bull issued by Pope Alexander IV on May
4, 1493.
• This bull divides the world between the Crown of Castile and
Portugal, drawing an imaginary line 100 leagues west of the
Cape Verde islands.
Spices
Before the 15th Century spices were an essential ancient
piece for commerce. It was used for giving flavor to food
as well as making perfume, embalming the dead,
preserving meat and creating salves for traditional
medicine. The spices were important to the Europeans
because refrigeration was unheard of in those days and
the only means of preservation was the use of spices
which it gives flavor to the food.
The Galleon Ship
• Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships used as armed cargo
carriers primarily by European states during the age of sail from the 16th
to 18th centuries and were the principal fleet units drafted for use as
warships until the Anglo-Dutch wars of the mid-1600s. Galleons generally
carried three or more masts with alateen fore-and-aft rig on the rear
masts, were carvel built with a prominent squared off raised stern, and
used square-rigged sail plans on their fore-mast and main-masts.
• Such ships were the mainstay of maritime commerce into the early 19th
century, and were often drafted into use as auxiliary naval war vessels—
indeed, were the mainstay of contending fleets through most of the 150
years of the Age of Exploration — before the Anglo-Dutch wars begat
purpose-built ship-rigged warships that thereafter dominated war at sea
during the remainder of the Age of Sail.
New Navigational Tools
Came from the Italian
adjective portolano which
is related to ports or
harbours. It is used as
navigational maps based
from compass and
direction which estimates
distances observed by
pilots at sea.
Navigational tools continued…

Used to determine
angles, vessels
latitude, or the top
and bottom angle
of an object.
Navigational tools continued…
Magnetic Compass and Compass
Rose:
• The magnetic compass was a
compass that had a magnetized
needle supporting a magnetic
card. This compass showed
from four to eight directions.
This innovation helped the Age
of Exploration flourish because
it showed explorers what
direction they were headed. So
basically it helped explorers
reach their destination. The
compass rose also told
direction. 
Navigational tools continued…
Astrolabe:
• The Astrolabe is an angle and altitude
measuring tool. The Astrolabe was first
used for astronomy and astrology. It
could have been invented by 
Hipparchus(Greek astronomer and
mathematician). It was later used by
sailors. The first use at sea was
recorded to be in 1481. It was used on a
voyage down the African coast by
Portuguese explorers. So this tool
helped sailors measure the angle of the
sun which could then be converted to
find latitude. This tool was more
accurate at land then at sea.
Navigational tools continued…
A cannon (plural: cannon or cannons) is
any piece of artillery that uses 
gunpowder or other usually explosive-
based propellants to launch a projectile,
which may or may not be explosive.
Cannon also transformed naval warfare
 in the early modern period, as European
navies took advantage of their firepower.
As rifling became commonplace, the
accuracy and destructive power of
cannon was significantly increased, and
they became deadlier than ever, both to
infantry who belatedly had to adopt
Trade Winds
• The trade winds are
the prevailing pattern of
easterly surface winds found in
the tropics, within the lower
portion of the Earth's
atmosphere, in the lower section
of the troposphere near the
Earth's equator. Trade winds
have been used by captains
of sailing ships to cross the
world's oceans for centuries,
and enabled European
empire expansion into the
Americas and trade routes to
ANALYSIS of the Important
HISTORICAL INFORMATION
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL
INFORMATION continued…
At first encounter, they thought the people
of Ladrone islands:
• “They are poor, but ingenious, and great
thieves, and for the sake of that we called
these three islands the Ladrone Islands.”
• ○ Lived according to their own will for
they have no seignior.
○ Had no religion
○ Thought that there were no other
people in the world but themselves,
based on the signs which they have
made.
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL
INFORMATION continued…
March 16, 1521 (dawn of Saturday)
• the explorers arrived at Zamal (Samar Island)
Monday, the 18th of March
• “ after dinner, we saw a boat come towards us with nine men in it: upon which the
captain-general ordered that no one should move or speak without his
permission. When these people had come into this island towards us, immediately
the principal one amongst them went towards the captain-general with
demonstrations of being very joyous at our arrival.
• The captain seeing that these people were reasonable, ordered food and drink to
be given them, and he gave them some red caps, looking glasses, combs, bells,
ivory, and other things.
• When these people saw the politeness of the captain, they presented some fish,
and a vessel of palm wine, which they call in their language Uraca; figs more than
a foot long, and others smaller and of a better savour, and two cochos.”
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL
INFORMATION continued…
“To explain the kind of fruits above-named it must be known
that the one which they call cochi (coconut), is the fruit which
the palm trees bear. And as we have bread, wine, oil, and
vinegar, proceeding from different kinds, so these people have
those things proceeding from these palm trees only.”
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
“These people became very familiar and friendly with
us, and explained many things to us in their language,
and told us the names of some islands which we saw
with our eyes before us. *The island where they dwelt
is called Zuluam, and it is not large.*”
“The island we were at was named Humunu
(Homonhon Island); nevertheless because we found
there two springs of very fresh water we named it the
Watering Place of good signs (Acquada da li buoni
Segnialli), and because we found here the first signs
of gold. ”
“Magellan named the islands, San Lazaro for it was
Sunday of St. Lazurus”
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
March 22, 1521
• The natives (Filipinos) gave the remaining gifts they promised to
Magellan.

WAY OF LIFE OF THE ISLANDERS


● Seignior
○ Painted (Tattooed)
○ Handkerchiefs about their heads
○ Earring on both ears
○ Gold armlet on both wrists
● Caphri. They call the natives caphri, or heathen.
○ Naked with Cloth woven from bark of tree to cover
their private parts
○ Anoint themselves with coconut and with beneseed oil as
protection against sun and wind
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
“They are great drinkers.”
“The women are dressed in tree cloth from
their waists downwards; their hair is
black, and reaches down to the ground;
they wear certain gold rings in their ears.”
“These people chew most of their time a
fruit which they call areca,… and after
they have chewed it for a long time they
spit it out, from which afterwards they
have their mouths very red. They find
themselves the better from the use of this
fruit because it refreshes them much, for
this country is very hot, so that they could
not live without it.”
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
March 28, 1521
• They saw a bonfire on an island (Limasawa) and anchored near it.
• A boloto (baroto) with 8 men came near the flagship.
• An interpreter under Magellan spoke to them.
• Later, two balanghais approached them with their king.
• Magellan gave gifts to the men who entered his ship while he rejected the
gifts of the king.
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
March 29, 1521
• Magellan sent his slave Enrique (interpreter) to ask the
king if he had any food to have it carried to the ships and
they would come to the island as friends and not as
enemies.
• The king visited Magellan's ship and had an exchange of
gifts.
• Magellan asked to be casi casi or brothers with the king.
• Magellan also showed his military strength to impress the
king.
• All of them had a feast and there was exchange of signs of
friendships and ceremonies.
• Introduced two kings: Raja Siaui of Limasawa and Raja
Colambu of Butuan.
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
March 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday) [April 1, 1521
Local time]
• Pedro Valderrama, a priest, was sent by
Magellan to start the first Mass in Philippine
history.
• Erected a cross on the summit of the highest
mountain
• Magellan asked the king about his enemies
• It was also stated that the three best places to
get food would be in Ceylon, Zubu and
Calahann (Leyte, Cebu, Caraga)
• After the erection of the cross: Pater Noster
and Ave Maria repeatedly
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
March 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday) [April 1, 1521 Local
time]

• Start of barter trades


• Natives: A porringer full of rice, 8 or 10 figs. Asking in
exchange: A Knife (worthy 3 catrini )
○ Natives Refused: 1 ducat
○ Natives Refused: a doppione (2 ducats )
○ Accepted: a Knife
• When the natives offered a pointed crown of massive
gold (the size of a colona ) for a 6 strings of glass
beads, the Spaniards refused the offer.
• The natives should learn at the very beginning
that the Spaniards prized their merchandise more
than the natives’ gold.
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
• Asked where is the best port to replenish their food, the king
mentioned the three islands, namely (Ceylon, Zubu, and
Calaghan) [Leyte, Cebu, and Caraga]
○ got the information that Zubu was the largest and had the most trade
○ Asked for guides on how to get to Zubu
• Remained in the island of Mazaua for the duration of seven days
• Set sail to northwest, passing five islands (Ceylon, Bohol,
Canighan, Baybai and Gatighan) [In order as mentioned:
Pigafetta assumed as south of Leyte, Bohol, Canigao Island,
north of Leyte, not identified]
○ Since the king of Mazaua can’t follow with the ship’s speed, they waited
for them near Polo, Ticobon, and Pozon [Camotes West of Leyte, namely
Poro, Pasijan, and Panson]
• Overwhelmed with bats as big as eagles [Tabon]
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
April 7, 1521
• They entered the port of Zubu (Cebu) and fired mortars as sign of
peace and friendship; honoring the king of the village.
• Magellan sent an ambassador and the interpreter.
• The king, Rajah Humabon said that all ships were required to pay
tribute.
• There was an exchange of warnings between the two parties.
• Magellan made known their intentions for their visit
○ He is a captain of the greatest King and Prince in the world, and he was
going to discover Maluco.
○ Good report from Rajah Colambu about Cebu. He would buy food with his
merchandise.
• Tribute was demanded by Rajah Humabon ○ Since his master is a great
king, he does not need to pay tribute to any seignior in the world.
○ If the king wants peace, peace shall he obtain. If war, then war.
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
April 8, 1521
• A notary along with the interpreter returned to Zubu(Cebu).
• Asked Rajah Humabon to establish trade.
• Friendship through blood compact.
Rajah Humabon was baptised and was named Don Carlo but some
of the chiefs refused.
• Rajah Humabon swore to help Magellan conquer his enemies
especially the growing muslim community.
• Queen Juana also converted to Christianity and was handed a
Wooden Child Jesus sculpture(Sto. Niño).
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
• Magellan found out that in the Islander’s tradition, fathers and mothers
who grew old received no more further honor
○ Injected how God made everything and commanded us to honor our mother and father
○ How we descended from Adam and Eve, and from the Holy Spirit
• Success in spreading his faith to the Islanders → gained the response of the
people to be baptized.
Conversion of the Islanders
April 14, 1521 (Sunday) ○ brought over 40 men from the ship with the Royal banner
○ Rajah Humabon wished to be a Christian, but some of his chiefs would not obey
Christian Names assigned by Magellan
★ Rajah Humabon - Don Carlo ★ the Prince - Don Fernando ★ king of Mazaua -
Johanni ★ a chief - Fernando ★ the Muslim - Christoforo ○ and so the other 500
people present during that mass
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
★ Queen Juana - Johanna ★ her daughter (wife of the Prince) -
Catherina ★ Queen of Mazaua - Lisabeta ○ and so the other
800 people -- men, women and children present during that
mass after dinner

Magellan Gives Proof of His Faith


➢ Gave Queen Juana the image of the child Jesus, saying she
should have it in place of her idols
➢ Told the people who worship paganism to burn their idols
and believe in Christ
Case in point:
Testimony of the sick man ➔ the man can’t move or speak for 4
days ➔ after he was baptized and his 10 daughters, he said that
he was feeling well with the Grace of the Lord
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
Filipino Sexuality
Pigafetta interviewed and examined couples at length. Here are some of his
findings:

“Both young and old males pierce their penises with a gold or tin rod the size of a
goose quill. In both ends of the same bolt, some have what resembles a spur, with
points upon the ends; others are like the head of a cart nail. I very often asked
many, both young and old, to see their penis, because I could not credit it. In the
middle of the bolt is a hole, through which they urinate.
The bolt and the spurs always hold firm. They say that the women wish it so, and if
they did otherwise they would not have communication with them.
When a man wishes to have intercourse with a woman, she takes his penis not in
the normal way, but gently introduces first the top spur and then the bottom one
into her vagina. Once inside, the penis becomes erect and cannot be withdrawn
until it is limp.”
Pigafetta asserted that the women hated this mode of fornication, which lacerated
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
Filipino Sexuality

The Tudruk or Tugbuk (Penis
Pin) and Sakra (Penis Ring) were objects used
by the early Cebuanos and other ethnic
groups to add spice and excitement to their
sexual lifestyle. Unfortunately, this practice of
putting tudruk and sakra on male penises
were prohibited when the Catholic Spanish
missionaries came to the island. One of the
missionaries had even conducted a tedious
individual penis inspection to get rid of these
things that they called “satanic and barbaric”.
The European missionaries were
dumbfounded when they found out that the
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
Sacrifice of Swine
➢ They dance and call-out to the sun to
show their worship to it
➢ Would be started with the two very old
women, wearing kerchiefs to their heads
and holding one at their hands while
dancing on the spread Cambaia cloth
➢ ONLY OLD women were to do the
ceremony and will NOT eat the hog
unless done this way. The women are
called babaylanes or the priestesses of
prehispanic period.
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
Death of Magellan (April 27, 1521)
There are many villages in Zubu:
1. Cinghapola - Chiefs: Cilaton, Ciguibucan,
Cimaningha, Cimaticat, and Cicanbuk
2. Mandaui - Apanoaan
3. Lalan - Theteu
4. Lalutan - Tapan
5. Cilumai
6. Libucun
They were decked in an island called Matan and
the chiefs were Zula and Cilapulapu* → refused to
obey the King of Spain , thus they attacked them
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
Death of Magellan (April 27,
1521)
The islanders asked the
Spaniards not to attack during
the night as a trick to lure them
into their traps.
The Spaniards docked far from
the beach as it has shallow
waters.
Spaniards had 49 people while
the islanders had 1500* people
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
Death of Magellan (April 27, 1521)
Magellan refused to retreat and
eventually gets his face lanced through
the face by an Indian.
A javelin pierced his right arm
A greatsword through his left leg put him
down and was later swarmed while his
men retreated to the ships.
The battle was fought on a saturday.
Eight from the ship’s men died (Magellan
included), and four from Islander’s
turned Christians which aided them.
The body of the captain was not
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…

Other information:
•After the death of Magellan,
Duarte Barbosa Takes the
Command. Later on, Juan Sebastián
del Cano replaced him as the
captain of Victoria and he was
responsible of completing the
voyage of Magellan in
circumnavigating the world and
reach back Spain in year 1522.
ANALYSIS of the Important HISTORICAL INFORMATION
continued…
Other information:
Treachery of Rajah Humabon
• After the death of Magellan at the Battle of
Mactan and the consequent failure of the Spanish
to defeat Lapu Lapu, Humabon and his warriors
plotted to poison the remaining Spanish soldiers in
Cebu during a feast. Several men were killed
including the then-leaders of the expedition, 
Duarte Barbosa and João Serrão.
• According to the chronicler Pigafetta, Serrão,
begging to be saved from the Cebuano tribesmen,
allegedly referred to Enrique (Magellan's slave) as
having instigated the massacre by claiming to
Humabon that the Europeans planned to take over
CONTRIBUTION and RELEVANCE to
the Grand Narrative of the
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
CONTRIBUTION and RELEVANCE to the Grand Narrative of the
PHILIPPINE HISTORY continued…..

“The people are as tall us, and


well made: they adore
nothing, and when they are
born they are white, later they
become brown, and have their
teeth black and red”
• Changes our current
visualization of our Filipino
ancestors.
CONTRIBUTION and RELEVANCE to the Grand Narrative of the
PHILIPPINE HISTORY continued…..

“ Saturday, March 16, 1521, we arrived at daybreak in sight of a


high island”
• There was already a society on the island. Magellan did not discover
the Philippines nor did he meet uncivilized people on it. We already
CONTRIBUTION and RELEVANCE to the Grand Narrative of the
PHILIPPINE HISTORY continued…..
CONTRIBUTION and RELEVANCE to the Grand Narrative of the
PHILIPPINE HISTORY continued…..

“When these people had come into


this island towards us, immediately
the principal one amongst them
went towards the captain-general
with demonstrations of being very
joyous at our arrival.”
• There was no conflict between
the two parties; trade was
sought after seeing the items the
Spaniards were able to produce.
CONTRIBUTION and RELEVANCE to the Grand Narrative of the
PHILIPPINE HISTORY continued…..

“When they wished to us they


took leave of the captain and of
us with very good manners and
gracefulness, promising us to
come back and see us.”
• ● The islanders in Humunu
(Homonhon) had nothing against
the foreigners and even
expressed good conduct.
CONTRIBUTION and RELEVANCE to the Grand Narrative of the
PHILIPPINE HISTORY continued…..

“The lord of these people was old, and had his face painted,
and had gold rings suspended to his ears, which they
named Schione, and the others had many bracelets and
rings of gold on their arms, with a wrapper of linen around
their head.”
• Proves that we have
a sense of royalty or
hierarchy
• We practice
craftsmanship with
jewelry
• Gives the idea of gold
mines on the island
Gold Religious Carvings

Prior to the arrival of Christianity, majority of our


ancestors were Animists and Polytheists, believing in
numerous gods and goddesses and the spirits the live
alongside us. Prior to that we have evidence based on
artifacts and the oldest written document, the Laguna
Copperplate, proving that at least in some parts of the
Philippines at some point in our historical timeline our
ancestors practiced a form of Hindu-Buddhist beliefs that
is today seen in other parts of Southeast Asia. Some of
these artifacts derive from gold artifacts depicting
• The Golden Tara of Agusan, was
discovered in July of 1917 after a flood
and storm swept through  through
Agusan Del Sur in the barangay Cubo
Esperanza. After the storm a Manobo
woman named Bilay Ocampo was on
the banks of the muddy Wawa River
where she eventually found the figure
where it washed up from the river. The
21-karat gold figure dating to around
850 to 950 C.E. weighs 4 lbs and
depicts a woman sitting in the lotus
position in Buddhism, is ornamented
with jewelry on her body, and wears a
headdress. This figure turned out to be
a representation of the Bodhisattva
Tara.
• Another gold artifact of
religious significance is the
Kinnari, half-bird, half-woman
creatures who are renowned for
their dance, song and poetry,
and are a traditional symbol of
feminine beauty, grace and
accomplishment. The Kinnari
was found in 1981 in Surigao
along with other treasures.
• Our ancestors were so fond of their
gold that they would bury their dead
with their gold ornaments to bring with
them to the spirit world. It was
believed that after being ferried over
the spiritual river to the afterlife, those
who were wearing their gold and
covered in tattoos were recognized by
their ancestors and those who didn’t
weren’t thus they were not accepted by
their ancestors and the deities. So in
order to be accepted in the afterlife
they were often adorned with the gold
jewelry they owned and wore during
their lifetime and some were also given
death masks made out of gold sheets
that covered the eyes, nose, and
mouth.
CONTRIBUTION and RELEVANCE to the Grand Narrative of the
PHILIPPINE HISTORY continued…..
“On sunday, the last day of March, and feast of Easter, the
captain sent the chaplain ashore early to say mass.” and
“the two kings went to kiss the cross like us.” “They
thought to excuse themselves sufficiently by saying that
they did not do that now on their own account, but for a
sick person, for the idols to restore him his health. The sick
•man
Attending
was themass and the
brother ofthought of
a prince.”
Christianity was easily embraced by
the islanders not because of their full
understanding of the faith but for
pragmatic purposes like the leader’s
aim of gaining the trust of a possible
powerful ally, or for the subordinates
just following their leaders’ wishes.
CONTRIBUTION and RELEVANCE to the Grand Narrative of the
PHILIPPINE HISTORY continued…..
“Thus no one but old women consecrate the flesh of the
hog, and they do not eat it unless it is killed in this way.”
“They say that their women wish it so, and that if they did
otherwise they would not have communication with them.”

• During pre-Hispanic period, women


shared equal footing with men in
society. They were allowed to divorce,
own and inherit property, and even
lead their respective barangays or
territories. During pre-colonial times,
Philippines was largely matriarchal,
with the opinions of women holding
great weight in matters of politics and
religion (they also headed the rituals
as the babaylans).
Zula said to Magellan that Silapulapu
would not obey the king in anyway
and is preventing him in doing so.
• One of the causes of the fight was the rivalry
between Silapulapu and Raja Humabon
• Another is Silapulapu did not want to be
under the commands of the king of Spain
• War strategy was exhibited by the men of
Silapulapu
• This gave the idea that ancient Filipino were
not simply naïve on the real purpose of the
coming of the Spaniards to the archipelago
but they were very much aware of aside from
trading, the Spain came in order to dominate
them especially when the latter would often
not give tribute to them.
CONTRIBUTION and RELEVANCE to the Grand Narrative of the
PHILIPPINE HISTORY continued…..

•Pigafetta’s perspective on viewing the culture


of the Philippines
–The Islands were resourceful
–Filipinos were friendly and
hospitable
•Magellan was not the first to go
around the world. An Asian from
Malacca, named Enrique was able
to complete the voyage
Relevance to the Modern
World

• Preceding Trade
between Native
Filipinos and other
Nationalities (e.g.
Chinese) before the
Spaniards came.
Relevance to the Modern World
continued…
• The Introduction of Catholic Faith
in the Philippines, though
successful within the area of
Visayas and Luzon, this acquired
new religion is more of a syncretic
religion where old was simply
fused with the new. This can be
seen through Filipinos today still
believe on the enkantos, dwende,
nuno sa punso, and going to the
“tambalan” or faith healers when
they are sick and not feeling well.
Relevance to the Modern World
continued…
• Hierarchal Society already existed in
the Islands, though branded by
Spaniards as backwards or primitive.
The smallest political unit today
(barangay) had its roots with the
past (balangai) even the socio-
political relations had its direct
connection. The barangay today is
very much like of the barangay of the
past wherein the socio, economic,
and political power resides in the
barangay kapitan/datu.
Relevance to the Modern World
continued…
• Initial attempt on conquering
the Islands using the “divide
et impera” (divide and
conquer) tactic used by the
Spaniards made a divisive
effect even until now specially
in the regionalistic loyalty of
the people and religious war
between Christians and
Muslims in the South.
Relevance to the Modern World
continued…
• Our country was thought to be
the main source of spices by the
westerners and even thought it
to be a good source of wealth in
the form of gold. Today, our
country still being sought by
many foreigners not only of the
goods (raw materials) but also
on the human resources (the
ofws) we offer to the world.
Relevance to the Modern World
continued…
• Established customs,
traditions and beliefs are
very much rooted to the
events that transpired from
the past. The religious
festivals of today served as
an example where the old
and the new traditions
merged.
References
Sources:
http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/10791824?selectedversion=NBD580787 http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/history/regional-
history-after-1500/first-voyage-round-world-magellantranslated-accounts-pigafetta-and-other-contemporary-writers
http://libweb5.princeton.edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/magellan/magellan.html http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/culture5.htm
http://pinayforeverythingpinoy.blogspot.com/2012/03/this-day-in-history-ferdinand-magellan.html
Carboni, Stefano. Venice and the Islamic world, 828-1797: Yale University Press, 2007 - The black Sto. Nino [Photograph]. (n.d.).
Retrieved from http://i1.wp.com/historicphilippines.com/wpcontent/uploads/2014/10/images-211.jpg - Historic Old Philippines. (n.d.).
Magellan, Discovers Philippines & then Dies in Battle. Part 2 - [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://historicphilippines.com/the-
explorers/magellan-elcano-pigafetta-the-first-to-circumnavigate-the-world/magellandiscovers-philippines-dies/ - The Mariner’s Museum
(1999). Antonio Pigafetta. Retrieved 15 September 2015 from http://ageofex.marinersmuseum.org/? type=travelwriter&id=7 - NatGeo
Creative (2015). Portrait of Antonio Pigafetta by Bjorn Landsrom. Retrieved 15 September 2015 from http://www.
natgeocreative.com/photography/221686 - Pigafetta, Antonio. (1969). First Voyage Around the World. Manila: Filipiniana Book Guild. -
Princeton University. (n.d.). Pacific spice islands [Map]. Retrieved from http://libweb5.princeton.
edu/visual_materials/maps/websites/pacific/spice-islands/Spain_and_Portugal.jpg - Promis, Domenico Casimiro, 1804-1874. (1867).
Monete di zecche italiane. Torino: Stamperia reale. - Reed, J.M. After You Antonio. Retrieved 15 September 2015 from http://bba-
intl.com/bbafyipigafetta.html - Simon, M. (2014, September 17). Fantastically Wrong: Magellan's Strange Encounter With the 10-Foot
Giants of Patagonia | WIRED [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/2014/09/fantastically-wrong-giants-of-patagonia/ -
Stanley, H. E., Pigafetta, A., & Hakluyt Society. (2010). The first voyage round the world, by Magellan [Adobe Acrobat File]. - Treaty of
Tordesillas: 1494. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/Americas/Tordesillas.html

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