Structure

Form
Genre
 Structure

 Fiction
 A literary work of imaginative narration, either oral or
written, fashioned to entertain and to make the
readers think and, more so, to feel.
 Non-Fiction
 A literary work of “real life” narration or exposition
based on history and facts whose main thrust is
intellectual appeal to convey facts, theories,
generalizations, or concepts about a particular topic.
 Form

 Prose
 Is a literary work that is spoken or written within the
common flow of language in sentences and
paragraphs which give information, relate events,
express ideas, or present opinions.
 It is a literary medium that corresponds closely to
everyday speech patterns and is used to provide
detailed descriptions of ideas, objects, or situations.
Contd…

 Poetry
 A literary work expressed in verse, measure, rhythm,
sound, and imaginative language and creates an
emotional response to an experience, feeling, or fact.
 Genre

 Fiction
 A narrative in prose; presents life in two levels:
 World of objective reality
 World of subjective reality
 Poetry
 A patterned form of verbal or written expression of
ideas in concentrated, imaginative, and rhythmical
terms that often contain the elements of sense, sound,
and structure.
Contd…

 Essay
 A prose composition in moderate length that presents
a tentative exploration or evaluation of a subject and
thus explains a viewpoint or anything that can be said
on a particular subject.
 Drama
 A composition in prose form that presents story told
entirely in dialogue and action, and written with the
intention of its eventual performance before and
audience.
 Formalistic or Literary
Moral or Humanistic Approach
Historical Approach
Sociological Approach
Cultural Approach
Psychological Approach
Impressionistic Approach
 Formalistic/ Literary

Literature is viewed intrinsically,
independent of the author, age, or any
other intrinsic factor.
The study of the selection is more or
less based on the so-called “literary
elements.”
 Moral/ Humanistic

Literature is viewed to discuss man and its
nature.
It presents man as essentially rational; that is,
endowed with intellect and free will; o that
the piece does not misinterpret the true
nature of man.
The approach is close to the “morality” of
literature, to questions of ethical goodness r
badness.
 Historical

Literature is seen both as a reflection and
product of the times and circumstances in
which it was written.
It operates on the premise that the history of
a nation has telling effects on its literature
and that the piece can be better understood
and appreciated if one knows the times
surrounding its creation.
 Sociological

 Literature is viewed as the expression of man within
a given social situation which is reduced to
discussions on economics, in which men are
somewhat simplistically divided into haves and
haves not, thus passing into the “proletarian
approach” which tends to underscore the conflict
between the two classes.
 Stresses on social “relevance,” social “commitment,”
contemporaneity, and it deems communication with
the reader important.
 Cultural

Literature is seen as one of the manifestations
and vehicles of a nation’s or race’s culture
and tradition.
Includes what goes under “culture”- the
technological, artistic, sociological,
ideological aspects; and considers the literary
piece in the total cultural milieu in which it
was born.
 Psychological

Literature is viewed as the expression of
“personality,” of “inner drives,” of
“neurosis.”
It includes the psychology of the author, of
the characters, and even the psychology of
creation.
It has resulted in an almost exhausting and
exhaustive “psychological analysis” of
characters, of symbols and images, of
recurrent themes, and others.
 Impressionistic

Literature is viewed to elucidate “reaction-
responsive” which is considered as
something very personal, relative, and
fruitful.
Unconditioned by explanations and often
taking the impact of the piece as a whole, it
seeks to see how the piece has
communicated.