Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Richland County MT
20th Annual NRRA
Pavement Conference
St. Paul, MN
February 18th, 2016
Richland
County
Border
56 mi
Subgrade Soil
Thin BST on
Base Designs Double
BST Gravel Base –
8” Thick (2009) Structural
Structural Layer 10” Thick (2010)
Layer
(4” Lift of gravel 2009
stabilized with BASE 1) ~ Subgrade Soil
Fabric
2/29/2016 Copyright Monlux/Vischer 2016 8
2010 Designs
BST over 10” Gravel Base
$400,000/mile
1’
C
Designs modified
after FWD
testing in spring
and fall
Soil
Stabilization Soil Stabilization,
12” thick, 12” thick,
10% Cement 6% to 7% Cement
CBR = 1
Soil Modification,18” thick,
3% Cement
CBR = 1
Soft Spot Location
2011: (5%) Proof Rolling & DCP
2012: (15%) Intelligent Compaction Roller & DCP
2013: (15%) Ground Penetrating Radar & DCP
E p x 1000, psi
E p x 1000, psi
E p x 1000, psi
250 250
200
200 200
Strength of 150
100
150
100
150
100
Soil Cement 50
0 1 2 3 4
50
0 1 2 3 4
50
0 1 2 3 4
CR143E
Soil Cement Age,years CR324
Soil Cement Age,years CR146W
Soil Cement Age,years
300 300 300
E p x 1000, psi
E p x 1000, psi
E p x 1000, psi
250 250 250
200 200 200
Designs should assume 150 150 150
Ep will be reduced by 100 100 100
20% to 40% over time 50 50 50
(Bill Vischer, Nov 2014) 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
CR146E
Soil Cement Age,years CR314
Soil Cement Age,years CR143W
Soil Cement Age,years
300 300 300
E p x 1000, psi
E p x 1000, psi
E p x 1000, psi
250 250 250
200 200 200
150 150 150
100 100 100
50 50 50
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
Soil Cement Age,years Soil Cement Age,years Soil Cement Age,years
Max Subgrade
Step 3: Use Graph 2 to determine allowable subgrade strain for the design ESAL. 480
Microstrain:
Step 4: Use Graph 3 to determine maximum allowable stress ratio limit for the Soil Max Stress
0.60
Cement layer based on design traffic ESAL. Ratio
Sep 5: Use Graph 4 and the Step 7: Use Step 8: Selecting the best option
maximum subgrade strain to Step 6: Use Graph Graph 6 to requires engineering judgment
identify options of soil cement layer 5 and the determine when consideration of the following Step 9:
thicknesses possible for the design maximum stress the criteria Recommendations:
Subgrade Mr. Thicknesses ratio to determine minimum Alternative A: Pretreat all
correlating for Esc between 100 and which options from Cement contentfor known weak areas with 3%
cement Maximum One
Lean Clay Soils cement to 18" depth to
200 are suggested. Step 5 are content for Layer depth
acceptable based each raise the average subgrade
equals 12".
on the design 8% max for Mr, followed by 12 %
Design Thickness, acceptable 6% min Two layers
E , psi Subgrade Mr shrinkage treatment @ 8% Cement.
Option inches sc design for Frost increase cost
cracking Alternative B: Treat 12"
option
depth at 8% Cement and
1 16 >100 OK at any E sc 5.3 6% OK Two Layers Lower Design Traffic ESAL
2 14 >140 OK at any E sc 6.8 6% OK Two Layers value from 1,000,000 to
3 12 >170 OK at any E sc 8.8 OK No Single Layer 750,000
4 <12 wont work 8" won't work No 8" won't work
5
Subgrade Microstrain
y = 480035x‐0.997 900
12,000 0.90
R² = 0.9999
800
Subgrade Mr psi
Stress Ratio
Load 5.‐6.7kMr 700 R² = 0.9857
8,000 Norm 6k Mr 0.70
6,000 Power (Norm 6k Mr) Calc Values
600
0.60
4,000
500
0.50
2,000
400
0 0.40
0 500 1000 1500 2000
0 50 100 150 200 0 500 1000 1500 2000
ESALS X 1000 ( Asphalt InstituteEquation)
Do‐ Max Deflection‐Mils
18 kip ESALs ( x 1000 )
Mr=3 ;12"
Mr=9 ;12" Mr=3 ; 12"
Mr=9 ;8"
Mr=6 ;8" 150 Mr=9 ; 12"
150 Mr=3 ;8"
Mr=3 ;22"
Mr=6 ;22" Mr=9 ; 8"
Mr=3 ; 8"
Mr=3 ; 22"
50 50
Mr=6 ; 22"
Mr=9 ; 22"
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 0
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
Subgrade Microstrain
Stabilized Layer Stress Ratio
Graph 6. Soil Cement (ESC) VS Cement Content
9%
8%
y = 0.0208e0.0086x
Cement %
7% R² = 0.9995
6%
5%
4%
3. Rip Surface to
control cement flow
25 Ton Rubber
Roller for Finish
Spread Cement
2/29/2016 Copyright Monlux/Vischer 2016 20
Uneven Moisture/Compaction
2010 1.75 0 0 3
2011 24 0.8 0 0
2012 12 0 0.4 12
2013 0 4.8 0 8
Estimated Moderate
Low? Low? Moderate?
Life Cycle $ ?
2/29/2016 Copyright Monlux/Vischer 2016 24
Treated Gravel Surfacing (1 yr. old)
(1) Note that the relative amounts of truck traffic are unknown
Cold UPM
Patch
Material
Repair Methods:
No Depression Area:
Remove BST & fabric, new
BST full width
Depression Area: Re‐soil
cement, 3” Gravel & BST
Full width
2/29/2016 Copyright Monlux/Vischer 2016 30
Damage by 200 Ton Oil
Rig Movement (2011)
Compression Failures
from Flexure
Soil Cement
Reinforce with 4” Gravel Base & BST
Very Weak Subgrade
Best
Better Design
Design Marginal
thicknesses
based on truck
traffic, subgrade
strength, etc.
• Other Resources
Wirtgen Cold Recycling Technology Manual
TRB – “Recommended Practice for Stabilization of Subgrade
Soils and Base Materials”
Soil Stabilization for Pavements UFC 3‐250‐11 (TM 5‐822)
Transportation Research Board publications
Non‐Standard Stabilizers(FS): “Stabilization Selection Guide for
Aggregate and Native Surfaced Low Volume Roads”