First Aid:

Head and Spine

Injury
What is First Aid?
First aid is vital for saving
lives. A person can carry
out first aid after a life-
threatening incident or
injury before the arrival of
emergency services.
First aid is an emergency
measure, generally consisting
of simple, often life-saving
techniques that most people
can train to perform with
minimal equipment and no
previous medical experience.
It is not classed as medical
treatment and does not
replace interventions from a
trained medical professional.
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Head Injury
A head injury is any trauma to the
scalp, skull, or brain. The injury may
be only a minor bump on the skull or
a serious brain injury.
Causes
Accidents at home, work, outdoors, or while
playing sports
Falls
Physical assault
Traffic accidents

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Symptoms Head injuries may cause bleeding
in the brain tissue and the layers
that surround the brain
(subarachnoid hemorrhage,
subdural hematoma, epidural
hematoma).
Symptoms of a head injury can
occur right away. Or symptoms can
develop slowly over several hours
or days. Even if the skull is not
fractured, the brain can hit the
inside of the skull and be bruised.
The head may look fine, but
problems could result from 5

•Symptoms of a mild head
injury include:
•some bleeding, bruising, a
mild headache
•feeling sick or nauseated,
mild dizziness
Indications of Head Injury
•Symptoms of a severe
head injury include:
•Symptoms of a moderate •significant bleeding,
head injury include: passing out and not waking
•passing out for a short time, up, having a seizure,
confusion or distraction, problems with vision, taste,
vomiting, a lasting or smell, difficulty staying
headache, temporary alert or awake, clear fluid or
changes in behavior, blood, coming out of the
memory problems and loss ears or nose, bruises behind
of balance the ears, weakness or
numbness and difficulty
speaking
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 1 out of 6 injury-related hospital
admissions
of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts are reported
each year.

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 First Aid
Learning to recognize a serious head injury and give basic first aid can save
someone's life.
For a moderate to severe head injury, CALL 911 RIGHT AWAY.

Get medical help right away if the person:

•Becomes very sleepy
•Behaves abnormally
•Develops a severe headache or stiff neck
•Has pupils (the dark central part of the eye) of unequal sizes
•Is unable to move an arm or leg
•Loses consciousness, even briefly
•Vomits more than once
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 First Aid
Then take the following steps:

 Check the person's airway, breathing, and circulation. If necessary, begin rescue
breathing and CPR.
 If the person's breathing and heart rate are normal, but the person is unconscious, treat
as if there is a spinal injury. Stabilize the head and neck by placing your hands on both
sides of the person's head. Keep the head in line with the spine and prevent movement.
Wait for medical help.
 Stop any bleeding by firmly pressing a clean cloth on the wound. If the injury is serious,
be careful not to move the person's head. If blood soaks through the cloth, do not remove
it. Place another cloth over the first one.
 If you suspect a skull fracture, do not apply direct pressure to the bleeding site, and do
not remove any debris from the wound. Cover the wound with sterile gauze dressing.
 If the person is vomiting, to prevent choking, roll the person's head, neck, and body as
one unit onto their side. This still protects the spine, which you must always assume is
injured in the case of a head injury. Apply ice packs to swollen areas.
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DO NOT wash a head wound that is deep or bleeding a lot.

DO NOT remove any object sticking out of a wound.

DO NOT move the person unless absolutely necessary.

DO NOT shake the person if he or she seems dazed.

DO NOT remove a helmet if you suspect a serious head injury.

DO NOT pick up a fallen child with any sign of head injury.

DO NOT drink alcohol within 48 hours of a serious head injury.

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 Thanks!
REPORTERS:
ABARQUEZ, YKCIR JOHN
MEDINA BALDOZ,
KATHERINE WALO CABRAL,
PATRICIA D FLORENCIO,
JULIA BIEN DEL ROSARIO
MANUEL, KENNETH PETER
PEÑAFLOR, MC DENIEL

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