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INTRODUCTION
• Incompressible • Inviscid
• Compressible • Newtonian
• Steady • Non-Newtonian
• Un-steady • Streamline
• Uniform • Laminar
• Non-uniform • Turbulent
• Rotational
• Irrotational 2
• Viscous
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW
Incompressible flow is type of flow in which density of
fluid remains constant. It means fluid is incompressible.
Practically incompressible flow is not possible. But in
aerodynamics when velocity of air is less than 0.3 Mach
(370.44 Km/h) flow is considered to be as
incompressible flow.
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Example
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IRROTATIONAL FLOW
When fluid particles while flowing does not rotate about
their own axis, such a type of flow is known as
Irrotational flow.
Examples
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VISCOUS FLOW
When viscosity of fluid is considered in fluid flow, such
type of flow is known as Viscous flow. Viscosity is a
resisting force to flowing fluid.
Examples
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INVISCID FLOW
When viscosity of fluid is not considered in fluid flow,
such type of flow is known as Inviscid flow (super-
fluids).
Examples
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EULER EQUATION
In a 1757 publication, Leonhard Euler described a set of
equations governing inviscid flow
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STREAMLINE FLOW
The flow in which velocity is constant or varies with
regular manner, such type of flow is known as
Streamline flow.
Examples
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LAMINAR FLOW
The flow in which fluid flows smoothly such that fluid
layers are parallel to each other or no to streamlines
intersect each other, such type of flow is known as
laminar flow.
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Conditions
• Fluid moves slowly
• Viscosity is relatively
high Turbulent
• Flow channel is Flow
relatively small
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REYNOLD’S NUMBER
It is a measure of the ratio between inertial forces and
viscous forces.
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FLOW CONFIGURATIONS - EXTERNAL
FLOW
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Viscous effects are important only in the vicinity
of the object.
Away from the object, the flow is essentially
inviscid.
Examples: flows over aircraft, projectiles, ground
vehicles.
FLOW CONFIGURATIONS - INTERNAL
FLOW
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Viscous effects extend across the entire domain.
car interior
temperature profile
FLOW CLASSIFICATIONS
Single phase vs. multiphase flow.
Single phase flow: fluid flows without phase change
(either liquid or gas).
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Multiphase flow: multiple phases are present in the
flow field (e.g. liquid-gas, liquid-solid, gas-solid).
Homogeneous vs. heterogeneous flow.
Homogeneous flow: only one fluid material exists in
the flow field.
Heterogeneous flow: multiple fluid/solid materials
are present in the flow field (multi-species flows).