INEQUALITIES

MATH10
ALGEBRA

Inequalities (Algebra and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 136-170)

 Week 5 Day 1
GENERAL OBJECTIVE

At the end of the chapter the students are expected to:

• Use interval notation.

• Solve linear inequalities.
 TODAY’S OBJECTIVE Week 5 Day 1

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

• To identify an inequality.
• To classify inequalities as absolute or conditional.
• To use interval and set notation in writing solutions to
inequalities.
• To represent graphically the solution to inequalities.
• To apply intersection and union concepts in solving compound
inequalities.
• To solve linear and fractional inequalities.
• Understand that linear inequalities have one solution, no
solution, or an interval solution.
 DEFINITION Week 5 Day 1

INEQUALITIES

Let a and b denote two real numbers such that the graph of a on
the number line is in the negative direction from the graph of b.
Then we say that a is less than b and b is greater than a, or, in
symbols:
a  b or b  a

A statement that one quantity is greater than or less than another

quantity is called an INEQUALITY.

Note :   or  are called strict inequalities

  or  are inequalities with endpoints
 Week 5 Day 1
KINDS OF INEQUALITIES

• Absolute inequalities are inequalities which is true for all

values of x.
Example: x  1  x

• Conditional inequalities are inequalities which is true for

certain values of x.
Example: x  1  5
 Week 5 Day 1

GRAPHING INEQUALITIES
and
INTERVAL NOTATION
 Week 5 Day 1
FOUR WAYS OF EXPRESSING SOLUTIONS TO INEQUALITIES:

• inequality notation

• set notation

• interval notation

• graphical representation
 EXAMPLE Week 5 Day 1

INEQUALITY SET NOTATION INTERVAL GRAPH/NUMBER LINE

NOTATION NOTATION
[ )
a  x  b x |a  x  b a,b 
a 0 b

or

a 0
ο
b

• a is the left endpoint

• b is the right endpoint
• If an inequality is a strict inequality (< or >) parenthesis is used.
• If an inequality includes an endpoint (> or <) bracket is used.
 Let x be a real number , x is …. Week 5 Day 1

INEQUALITY SET NOTATION INTERVAL GRAPH/NUMBER LINE

NOTATION NOTATION
( )
a 0 b
a xb x | a  x  b a, b or
ο ο
a 0 b

[ )
a xb x | a  x  b a, b or a 0 b

a 0
ο
b

( ]
a xb x | a  x  b a, b a 0 b

ο
a 0

b
 Let x be a real number , x is …. Week 5 Day 1

INEQUALITY SET NOTATION INTERVAL GRAPH/NUMBER LINE

NOTATION NOTATION
[ ]
a b
a xb x | a  x  b a, b or
 
a b

)
xa x | x  a  , a or a
ο
a

]
xa x | x  a  , a b


a
 Let x be a real number , x is …. Week 5 Day 1

INEQUALITY SET NOTATION INTERVAL GRAPH/NUMBER LINE

NOTATION NOTATION
(
b
x b x | x  b b, or
ο
b

[
xb x | x  b b, or b

b

R R  ,
 Week 5 Day 1

 Infinity  is not a number. It is a symbol that means continuing

indefinitely to the right on the number line.

 Negative infinity    means continuing indefinitely to the left

on the number line.

 In interval notation, the lower number is always written on the

left.
 Week 5 Day 1
Example 1

INEQUALITY
INTERVAL
NOTATION SET NOTATION GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
NOTATION

x<4 x | x  4 -4 0
)
4 (-∞,4)

-4 0
○4
 Week 5 Day 1
Example 2

INTERVAL
INEQUALITY SET NOTATION GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
NOTATION
NOTATION

x≤4 x | x  4 -4 0
]
4
(-∞,4]

●
-4 0 4
 Week 5 Day 1
Example 3

INTERVAL
INEQUALITY SET NOTATION GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
NOTATION
NOTATION

x>4 x | x  4 ( (4, +∞)

-4 0 4

-4 0
○4
 Week 5 Day 1
Example 4

SET NOTATION INTERVAL

INEQUALITY GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
NOTATION
NOTATION

x ≥4 x | x  4 -4 0
[
4 [4, +∞)

●
-4 0 4
 EXAMPLE 5 Week 5 Day 1

INEQUALITY SET NOTATION INTERVAL GRAPH/NUMBER LINE

NOTATION NOTATION
[ )
-1 4
1  x  4 x |1  x  4  1,4  or
 ο
-1 4
 EXAMPLE 5 Week 5 Day 1

INEQUALITY SET NOTATION INTERVAL GRAPH/NUMBER LINE

NOTATION NOTATION
[ ]
0 4
0x4 x |0  x  4 0,4 or
 
0 4
 Week 5 Day 1

Example 6:

Classroom example 1.5.1 page 137

Express the following as an inequality and an interval.

a. x is less than -1
b. x is greater than or equal to 3
c. x is greater than -2 and less than or equal to 7.
 DEFINITION Week 5 Day 1

UNION AND INTERSECTION

The unionof sets A andB, denotedby A  B, is the set formed by

combining all the elements in A with all the elements in B.
A  B  x |x is in A or B or both

The intersection of sets A andB, denotedby A  B, is the set formed

by the elements that are in both A and B.
A  B  x |x is in A andB
 Week 5 Day 1
DOUBLE OR COMBINED INEQUALITY

A statement formed by joining two clauses with the word and is

called a conjunction. For a conjunction to be true, both clauses
must be true.
Example:  2  3X  4  16

A statement formed by joining two clauses with the word or is

called a disjunction. For a disjunction to be true, at least one of
the clauses must be true.

Example: x  2 or x  3
 Example Week 5 Day 1

YourTurn
If C  - 3,3 and D  0,5 , find C  D and C  D.
page138
Express the intersection and unionin intervalnotation,and graph.

YourTurn
a. Express - 6,2  - 1,5 using more succinct intervalnotation.
page138
b. Express - 6,2  - 1,5 using more succinct intervalnotation.
 Week 5 Day 1

SOLVING LINEAR INEQUALITIES

 SOLVING LINEAR INEQUALITIES Week 5 Day 1

Linear inequalities are solved using the same procedure as linear

equations with the following exception:

 When you multiply or divide by a negative number, you

must reverse the inequality sign.
 Cross multiplication cannot be used with inequalities.
 INEQUALITY PROPERTIES Week 5 Day 1

PROCEDURES THAT DO NOT CHANGE THE INEQUALITY SIGN

1. Simplifying by eliminating 3x  6   6x  x

parentheses and collecting like 3x  18  5x
terms.

2. Adding or subtracting the same 7x  8  29

quantity on both sides. 7x  21

3.Multiplying or dividing by the 5x  15

same positive number.
x3
 INEQUALITY PROPERTIES Week 5 Day 1

PROCEDURES THAT CHANGE (REVERSE) THE INEQUALITY SIGN

1. Interchanging the two sides of x  4 is equivalent

the inequality to 4  x

2.Multiplying or dividing by the  5x  15 is equivalent

same negative number. to x  3
 SOLVING A LINEAR INEQUALITY Week 5 Day 1
Example
example 3
1. Solve and graph the inequality5 - 3x  23
page139

#68
2. Solve and express the solutionin intervalnotation
page143
2y  5  3y - 4 

#70
3. Solve and express the solutionin intervalnotation
page143
4 - 32  x   5
 SOLVING A LINEAR INEQUALITIES WITH FRACTION
Week 5 Day 1
Example
ClassroomEx. 1.5.4 5x 4  3x
1. Solve the linear inequality 
page140 3 2

#75
2. Solve and express the solutionin intervalnotation
page143
2 1 5y
y  5  y    2  y 
3 2 3
#76
3. Solve and express the solutionin intervalnotation
page143
s s  3 s 1
  
2 3 4 12

Note: Common mistake is using cross multiplication to solve fractional

inequalities.
 SOLVING A DOUBLE OR COMPOUND LINEAR
INEQUALITY
Example Week 5 Day 1
ClassroomEx. 1.5.5
1. Solve the linear inequality- 5  1  x  9
page140
ClassroomEx. 1.5.6 x7
2. Solve the linear inequality - 4   20
page141 3
#85
3. Solve and express the solutionin intervalnotation
page143
1 1 y 3
 
2 3 4

#86
4. Solve and express the solutionin intervalnotation
page143
2z 1
-1  
4 5
 SUMMARY Week 5 Day 1

The solution to linear inequalities are solution sets that can be

expressed in four ways:
1. Inequality notation
2.Set Notation
3.Interval Notation
4.Graph (number line)

 Linear inequalities are solved using the same procedures as

linear equations with the following exception:
1. when you multiply or divide by a negative number you
must reverse the inequality sign
2. cross multiplication cannot be used with inequalities.
 Week 5 Day 2

NON LINEAR INEQUALITIES IN ONE VARIABLE

 TODAY’S OBJECTIVE Week 5 Day 2

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:

• To solve quadratic inequalities.

• To solve polynomial inequalities.
• To solve rational inequalities.
• To solve absolute value inequalities.
 Week 5 Day 2
POLYNOMIAL INEQUALITIES

Zeros of a polynomial are the values of x that make the polynomial

equal to zero.
These zeros divide the real number line into test intervals where the
the value of the polynomial is either positive or negative.

STEPS:
1. Write inequality in standard form (zero on one side).
2. Identify zeros (factor if possible otherwise use quadratic formula)
3. Draw the number line with zeros labeled.
4. Determine the sign of the polynomial in each interval.
5. Identify which interval(s) make the inequality true.
6. Write the solution in interval notation.
 Week 5 Day 2
SOLVING QUADRATIC INEQUALITY

The square root method cannot be used for quadratic

inequalities.

Dividing both sides by the variable (x) cannot be used for

quadratic inequalities

Common mistakes:
Taking the square root of both sides.
Dividing both sides by the variable (x).
 Week 5 Day 2
SOLVING QUADRATIC INEQUALITY

Solve each quadratic inequality:

1. x 2  x  12 Example #1 page 147

2. x 2  5x  6 Your Turn page 147
3. x 2  4 Example #2 page 147
4. x 2  1  15 ClassroomEx.1.6.2 page 148
5. x 2  2x  3 Example #3 page 149
6. x 2  5x Example #4 page 149
7. x 2  2x  1 Example #5 page 150
8. x 2  2x  1 Your Turn page 150
9. x 2  4x  4  0
10. x 2  4x  4  0
 Week 5 Day 2
SOLVING A POLYNOMIAL INEQUALITY

Solve each inequality:

1. 5x 2  2x  3x 3 ClassroomEx.1.6.6 page 150

2. x 3  x 2  6x  0 Your Turn page 150
3. x 4  5x 2  4  0
4. x  12x 2  5x  2  0
 Week 5 Day 2
SOLVING A RATIONAL INEQUALITY

 A rational expression have numerators and denominators , thus the

we have the following possible combinations:
       
 ,  ,  , 
       
 To solve rational inequalities we use a similar procedure for solving
polynomial inequalities, with one exception. You must eliminate
values for x that make the denominator equal to zero.

 Once expressions are combined into a single fraction the value that
make either the numerator or the denominator equal to zero divide
the number line into intervals.
 Week 5 Day 2
SOLVING A RATIONAL INEQUALITY
STEPS:
1. Write inequality in standard form (zero on one side).
2. Identify zeros .
• Write as a single fraction
• Determine values that make the numerator or denominator
equal to zero
• Always exclude values that make the denominator = 0.
3. Draw the number line with zeros labeled.
4. Determine the sign of the polynomial in each interval.
5. Identify which interval(s) make the inequality true.
6. Write the solution in interval notation.
 Week 5 Day 2
SOLVING A RATIONAL INEQUALITY

Solve each inequality:

s 1
1. 2
 0 ClassroomEx.1.6.7 page 151
64 - s
x
2. 3 Example #8 page 152
x 2

3p - 2p2 3  p
3.  #43 page 154
4 p 2
2 p
1 1 3
4.   2 # 57 page 154
p 2 p 2 p  4
 Week 5 Day 2
ABSOLUTE VALUE INEQUALITIES

PROPERTIES OF ABSOLUTE VALUE INEQUALITIES

1. x  a is equivalent to - a  x  a
2. x  a is equivalent to - a  x  a
3. x  a is equivalent to x  -a or x  a
4. x  a is equivalent to x  -a or x  a
 Week 5 Day 2
SOLVING AN ABSOLUTE VALUE INEQUALITY

Solve each inequality:

1. 4 - 3x  0 #51 page 162 5. 3x  5  2x  1

2. 4 - x  1  1 # 56 page 162 6. 5x  2  3x  4
7. x 2  8x  6  6
3. 5 x  1  2  7 # 54 page 162

2  3x 2
4.  # 58 page 162
5 5
 SUMMARY Week 5 Day 2
The following procedure can be used for solving polynomial and
rational inequalities.
1. Write inequality in standard form (zero on one side).
2. Determine the zeros; if it is a rational function, note the domain
restrictions.
• Polynomial Inequality
- Factor if possible, otherwise, use quadratic formula
•Rational Inequality
- Write as a single fraction
- Determine values that make the numerator or
denominator equal to zero
-Always exclude values that make the denominator = 0.
3. Draw the number line with zeros labeled.
4. Determine the sign of the polynomial in each interval.
5. Identify which interval(s) make the inequality true.
6. Write the solution in interval notation.