QUALITATIVE AND

QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH METHODS
 RESEARCH = INQUIRY

 INQUIRY- defined as “a
seeking for truth, information or
knowledge. The information is
sought through questioning.
 RESEARCH = INQUIRY

The exploratory nature of inquiry allows

individuals particularly students to grapple
with different ways of looking at ideas and
issues and to think creatively about problems
that do not possess simple answer.
WHAT DO YOU SEE FIRST?
 RESEARCH

New New
Technology knowledge

New tools
New skills
/devices

Better condition/welfare
practice

Improved quality of life

APPROACHES TO RESEARCH

QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
APPROACH APPROACH
QUANTITATIVE APPROACH

THE INVESTIGATOR PRIMARILY USES QUANTIFIABLE CLAIMS

FOR DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE (e.g., cause and effect thinking,
reduction to specific variables and hypotheses and questions, use of
measurement and observation, and the test of theories),
EMPLOYS STRATEGIES OF INQUIRY SUCH AS EXPERIMENTS
AND SURVEY, AND COLLECTS DATA ON PREDETERMINED
INSTRUMENTS THAT YIELD STATISTICAL DATA.

based on numbers and mathematical

calculations
QUANTITATIVE APPROACH

 Quantitative researchers gather empirical evidences

that are within the realm of senses.
The method used in the analysis of data is usually
statistical in nature. Thus, the resulting information
from the study is usually quantitative or
measureable.
QUANTITATIVE APPROACH

 However, one disadvantage of Quantitative

research is that it is considered limiting when it comes
to studying the complex and diverse minds of human
beings.
QUALITATIVE APPROACH
 One in which the inquirer often makes
knowledge claims based primarily on
constructivist perspectives (i.e., the
multiple meanings of individual
experiences, meanings socially and
historically constructed, with an intent of
developing theory or pattern) or
advocacy/participatory perspectives.
It also uses strategies of inquiry such as
narratives, phenomenology, ethnographies,
grounded theory studies, or case studies. THE
RESEARCHER COLLECTS OPEN-ENDED,
EMERGING DATA WITH THE PRIMARY
INTENT OF DEVELOPING THEMES FROM
THE DATA

based on written or spoken narratives

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 It focuses on gaining insights and understanding about an
individuals perception and interpretation of events. This type of
research collects data through methods such as interviews and
participative observation.
The task of the researcher is to determine the patterns and
themes in the acquired data rather than focusing on testing the
hypothesis.
The researcher does not have to be concerned with numbers and
complicated statistical analyses.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 It focuses on gaining insights and understanding about an
individuals perception and interpretation of events. This type of
research collects data through methods such as interviews and
participative observation.
The task of the researcher is to determine the patterns and
themes in the acquired data rather than focusing on testing the
hypothesis.
The researcher does not have to be concerned with numbers and
complicated statistical analyses.
 Comparison Between Quantitative and
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

Aims to characterize trends Involves processes,

and patterns. feelings, and motives
(the why’s and the
how’s) and produces in
depth and holistic data.
 Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Usually starts with neither a Usually concerned with
theory nor hypothesis about generating hypothesis
the relationship between from data rather than
two or more variables.
testing hypothesis.
Uses structured research Uses either unstructured
instruments like or semi-structured
questionnaires or schedules. instruments.
 Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Uses large sample sizes that Uses small sample sizes
are representatives of the chosen purposely.
population.
Has high output replicability. Has high validity.

Used to gain greater Used to gain greater

understanding of group understanding of
similarities. individual differences in
terms of feelings, motives
and experiences.
 Quantitative Research Qualitative Research

Uses structured processes. Uses more flexible

processes.

Methods include census, Methods include field

survey, experiments and research, case study,
secondary analysis. and secondary analysis.