SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS

Contents
 Nomenclature
 Components of Shell &Tube Heat Exchanger
 Design Data
 Consideration Factors
 Standards
 Design Software
Nomenclature:

 Heat Exchanger:
Both side single phase and process streams.
 Cooler:

One stream process fluid, other cooling water or air.

 Heater:

One stream process fluid, other hot utility such as

steam or hot oil.
Nomenclature:
 Condenser:
One stream condensing vapor, other cooling water
or air.
 Chiller:

One stream process fluid being condensed at sub

atmospheric temperatures, other boiling refrigerant or
process stream.
 Re-boiler:

Bottom stream from a distillation column, other hot utility

or process stream.
Components of Shell &Tube Heat
Exchanger:
 Shell & Shell cover
 Channel & Channel Cover
 Tubes & Tube sheets
 Baffles & Longitudinal baffle
 Nozzles
 Tie rods & Spacers
 Pass partition plates
 Impingement plate
 Sealing strips
 Supports & Foundations
Sealing Strips
Components of Shell &Tube Heat
Exchanger:
Design Data:

 Flow rate

 Inlet / outlet temperatures

 Operating pressure (essentially for gases)

 Allowable pressure drop – (Liquids – 0.5 to 0.7

Kg/cm2 per shell, Gases - 0.05 to 0.2 Kg/cm2,
Typical – 0.1 Kg/cm2)
Design Data:
 Fouling resistance (TEMA standards or past
experience)

 Physical properties (Viscosity – both for inlet /

outlet temperature for liquids, Thermal conductivity,
Density, Specific heat)

 Heat duty
Design Data:
 Type of heat exchanger

 Line sizes (to match nozzle sizes)

 Preferred tube size (OD x THK x Length)

 Max. Shell Diameter (Floating head often limited to

shell ID of 1.4 to 1.5 m with 6 or 9 m tube length, Fixed
tube sheet: Shell ID – 3 m, tube length – 12 m)
Design Data:
 Material of Construction:

If tubes & shell are of same material, then only tubes

& shell material can be specified as all components
should be of same material.

In case of different materials, specify material of all

principal components (shell, shell cover, channel,
channel cover, tubes, tube sheets, baffles).
Consideration Factors:
 Process
• Process fluid allocation to shell side or tube side.
• Selection of stream temperature specifications.
• Setting shell side and tube side pressure drop
design limits.
• Setting shell side and tube side velocity limits.
• Selection of heat transfer models and fouling
coefficients for shell side and tube side.
Consideration Factors:
 Mechanical
• Selection of heat exchanger TEMA layout and number
of passes.
• Specification of tube parameters - size, layout, pitch
and material.
• Setting upper and lower design limits on tube length.
• Specification of shell side parameters – materials,
baffle cut, baffle spacing and clearances.
• Setting upper and lower design limits on shell diameter,
baffle cut and baffle spacing.
Standards:

 TEMA : Tubular Exchanger Manufacturing

Association
 ASME Code Section VIII DIV 1
Design Software:
 HTRI
 GIPS Module
 HTFS
 CC – THERM
 BJAC
 HEI