For :

Madam Nur Fadzeelah Abu Kassim

By Group 5 :
Muhammad Ridhwan Bin Abdul Rahim
Nur Athyratul Aqila Binti Abdul Latif
Nurfazhilah Binti Mohd Johan
Aini Nabilah Binti Jamaludin
 Shoe deodorizer is a substance applied in shoes to prevent odour caused by
bacterial breakdown of perspiration in feet. [4] KIWI® Fresh Force Shoe Refresher and Scholl
Fresh Step Shoe Spray are a shoe deodorant. Features a unique dual spray applicator that
provides a fresh blast of deodorant to help neutralize unpleasant odours from heel to toe.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or
liquids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short- and long-term
adverse health effects. Concentrations of many VOCs are consistently higher indoors (up to
ten times higher) than outdoors. VOCs are emitted by a wide array of products numbering in
the thousands. [1] When used in building products or other indoor items VOCs slowly make
their way to the surface and ‘off-gas’ into the surrounding air. Most off-gassing occurs when
products are new and/or freshly installed, after which it lessens dramatically over time. [6]
VOCs contain in KIWI shoe deodorant are ethanol, isobutane, propane and ethane. [5]
Meanwhile,VOCs contain in Scholl Shoe spray are propane and isobutane. [2]

Butane is a propellant used to dispense a product from a container. It is often used in

concert with other propellants such as isobutane and propane. While butane is commonly
known for its use in heaters and lighters, in use as a propellant its energy comes from being
compressed in a can rather than from being lit or heated. Ethanol is a solubilizer that can also
be found in makeup, lotions and hair care products. It works by dissolving the ingredients of
a product to help them mix together better. It also can act as a carrier or as a cleaning agent
that helps dissolve soils. [4]
Kiwi Select Fresh Force and Sholl Fresh Step are safe for use on all types of footwear. However, the
main chemical composition, ethanol is found in the shoe spray. Ethanol is considered a volatile
organic compound by the National Pollutant Inventory. [7] Ethanol rapidly absorbs water from the
air. It mixes readily with most organic liquids. Moreover, the boiling point of ethanol is 78.5°C. [7]
The overexposure to ethanol vapors can cause irritation of the eyes, skin, impaired perception and
lack of coordination.

Isobutane contained in the shoe spray may results in its release to the environment. It can be
through various of waste streams. [8] Thus, will cause the environment to be contaminate. VOCs
contained also contributes to the formation of ozone and particulate matter, but at ground-level,
which can lead to smog.[9] The emission will increase the chances of plants developing diseases, an
inability to fight off pests and environmental stress, the reduced growth, and survival of tree
seedlings, and reduced agricultural yields.[10]
1.To determine the VOCs components present in the KIWI® Fresh Force Shoe

Refresher and Scholl Fresh Step Shoe Spray and its percent composition based on

retention time of chromatogram

2.To compare the VOCs components present and its percent composition between

KIWI® Fresh Force Shoe Refresher and Scholl Fresh Step Shoe Spray .
 Table 1:For VOC component in KIWI® Fresh Force Shoe Refresher and Scholl Fresh
Step Shoe Spray
SAMPLE COMPONENTS AREA (pA.s) Mole composition(%)

KIWI® Fresh Force Propane

Shoe Refresher
Isobutane

Ethane

Ethanol

Scholl Fresh Step Propane

Shoe Spray
Isobutane
 Mole composition of Component A (%)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴
× 100%
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
[1] (EPA), U. S. (2017). Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ).
[2] Benckiser, R. (2019). Scholl Fresh Step Shoe Spray. Retrieved 18 9, 2019, from Scholl:
https://www.scholl.com.my/foot-care-products/perspiration/scholl-fresh-step-shoe-spray/
[3] Grand View Research, I. (2019). Shoe Deodorizer Market Analysis, Market Size, Application, Analysis,
Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies, And Segment Forecasts, 2015 To 2022. Grand View Research.
[4] S. C. Johnson & Son, I. (2019). Current Page: KIWI® Fresh Force Shoe FreshenerKIWI® Fresh Force Shoe
Freshener. Retrieved 18 9, 2019, from SCJohnson:
https://www.whatsinsidescjohnson.com/us/en/brands/KIWI/KIWI--Fresh-Force-Shoe-Freshener
[5] S. C. JOHNSON & SON, I. (2019). KIWI Fresh Force Shoe Refreshener . Retrieved 18 9, 2019, from KIWI:
https://www.kiwicare.com/en-us/products/kiwi-shoe-refresher
[6] Science, D. o. (2014). Indoor air quality and health. Your Home.
[7[ N. P. Inventory, "Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)," National Pollutant Inventory, [Online]. Available:
http://www.npi.gov.au/resource/ethanol-ethyl-alcohol.
[8] U. N. L. o. Medicine, "Isobutane," PubChem, [Online]. Available:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/isobutane.
[9] Lafond, "How does volatile organic compounds concentration affect the environment," [Online]. Available:
https://foobot.io/guides/how-does-volatile-organic-compounds-affect-the-environment.php.
[10] "Environment Climate Change," [Online]. Available: https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-
change/services/managing-pollution/sources-industry/volatile-organic-compounds-consumer-
commercial/overview.htm.