FIRE

PREVENTION AND RESPONSE

FIRE

KINDS CAUSES EXAMPLES

Fire triggered by natural Earthquake 1.In developed countries
hazards Volcanic eruption where the cooking gas is
Drought and very high distributed through
temperature pipelines, massive fire
can erupt after an
earthquake.
2.Wild fire may break out
because of high
combustion condition.
3.Pyroclastic materials
and lava flow can burn
structures and materials
along the paths.
Fire triggered by human Transportation accidents 1.Car burning because
made conditions Chemical explosion of overheating
 TRIANGLE OF COMBUSTION
 Combustion, a chemical reaction between substances, usually
including oxygen and usually accompanied by the generation of heat
and light in the form of flame.
1.Oxygen is needed to sustain combustion.
2.There must be fuel or combustible material.
3. Sufficient heat is needed to raise the material to its
ignition temperature.
4. A chemical chain reaction should take place in
material.
Five classes of fire

1.CLASS A FIRE - fires involving ordinary,

combustible materials such as wood ,paper,
plastic and fire crackers
2.CLASS B FIRE - fires involving flammable liquids
and chemical such as LPG.
3.CLASS C FIRE – Fires involving electricity
4.CLASS D FIRE – fires involving metals
STAGES OF FIRE
1.IGNITION STAGE-the first stage where fuel and oxygen are exposed to heat
resulting in sustained chemical reaction.
- at this stage , the fire can still be controlled by removing
one of the elements of fire.
- controlled using fire extinguisher.
2.GROWTH- the initial flame becomes another source of heat and additional
fuel ignites. the heat transferred through convection and radiation
which ignites more combustible materials.
3.FULLY DEVELOPED- presence of more heat coming from the fire itself, the fire
spreads and consumes all available fuel . the temperature
reaches its peak , and oxygen and other materials are
consumed rapidly.
4.DECAY( BURNOUT)- when fire consumes all available fuel, the temperature
decreases. Since the heat as an element of fire ceases, the
fire gets less intense.
TRANSFER OF HEAT ENERGY
CONDUCTION – occurs when the heat passes through direct contact
with a solid material.

CONVECTION – is the flow of fluid or gas from hot areas to cooler areas.

RADIATION – heat travels through electromagnetic waves

there is no object or gas through which the heat passed
through.
FIRE HAZARD MANAGEMENT

FIRE HAZARD RISK

REDUCTION
PHASE MEASURES

FIRE PREVENTION 1.Ensuring that the building design follows the

AND MITIGATION standard rules regarding fire safety like having
appropriate electrical system ,fire exits, and
sprinkler system
2.Proper storage of materials that are
combustible , separating them from possible
sources of heat
3.Regular inspection of electrical wiring, cooking
equipment ,electrical appliances especially air
conditioning units
4.Securing fire insurance

FIRE PREPAREDNESS 1.Having a fire contingency plan and warning