Multiple Intelligences

of Leadership

Rolly Intan

(Theory and Practice of Leadership, Jill Rogers, 2011)

 Intelligent Leadership
is leadership that depends not only on
cognitive intelligence but also on several
other types of intelligence.
(Jill Rogers)
FORMS of INTELLIGENCE
Succesfull FACTORS OF LEADERS
(Dave Ulrich)

What to know ?
How to be ?
What to do ?
 FORMS of INTELLIGENCE
Howard Gardner (1983)

LOGICAL-
LINGUISTIC MATHEMATICAL MUSICAL VISUAL-SPATIAL
intelligence intelligence intelligence intelligence

INTER- BODILY-
INTRA-PERSONAL NATURALIST
PERSONAL KINAESTHETIC
intelligence intelligence
intelligence intelligence

Research by Ronald Riggio and friends (2001) – how multiple forms

of intelligence were associated with effective leadership.
 FORMS of INTELLIGENCE
Robert Sternberg

ANALYTICAL PRACTICAL CREATIVE

intelligence intelligence intelligence
Multiple Intelligences of

Leadership
Jill Rogers

Cultural
Social
Moral

Emotional
Spiritual

Cognitive Behavioral
Intelligence
 Cognitive Intelligence
The abilities to perceive, simplify and
understand ideas and information, reason
with them, take a “helicopter” view, imagine
possibilities, make judgments, solve
problems and make decisions.

“Thinking is the process of simplifying the relationship

between ideas…” (Albert Joseph)
 Cognitive Intelligence
INTUITION, INSTINCT or INSIGHT
Intuition and imagination are important characteristics of effective leadership

INTUITION INSTINCT
An immediate understanding, knowledge
or awareness without any conscious An innate tendency to respond in
cognitive process.“sixth sense” or “gut a particular way to stimulus.
feeling”
• Examples = sex, hunger, self-
• The process = intuiting. preservation.
• The result = intuitive judgement.
• Important to strategic vision • Unlearned and genetically
“Gift possessed by great people” programmed.
--Albert Einstein—

• A sudden understanding / an appreciation of the meaning or

significance of a pattern / solution to a problem
INSIGHT
 Cognitive Intelligence
IMAGINATION
“A human being’s most powerful weapon for attack, defense and
survival – and for invention and creativity, above all.”
- Ralph Rolls -

“Imagination is more important than knowledge – for while

knowledge points to all that is, imagination points to all there
will be…”
- Albert Einstein -
 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Understanding the needs and feelings of both oneself

and others, practicing self-control and responding in
appropriate ways.

Howard Gardner Intrapersonal

Emotional EMOTIONAL
INTRA INTER
Intelligence Interpersonal QUOTIENT
PERSONAL PERSONAL
INTELLIGENCE INTELLIGENCE (EQ)
EQ includes intrapersonal intelligence – knowing oneself,
which is necessary before one can understand others.
 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
is the extent of our self-awareness,
our ability to manage our own feelings, our awareness of the
needs and feelings of other people and
our ability to respond appropriately.

“Emotional intelligence is much more powerful than IQ in determining

who emerges as a leader. IQ is a threshold competence. You need it,
but it doesn’t make you a star. Emotional intelligence can.”
- Warren Bennis -

“High IQ makes you a good English professor; adding high EQ makes

you chairman of the English Department… High IQ makes you a
brilliant fiscal analyst; adding high EQ makes you CEO.”
- Daniel Goleman -
 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
Role of Emotion at work

JUDGEMENT

PERFORMANCE

RELATIONSHIP

WELL-BEING @ WORK

First – the feeling, then the thought (emotional mind) !

Emotional mind (the amygdala) is far quiker than the
reational mind (the prefrontal cortex)
 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
“In an excess economy success comes from attracting the emotional
consumer or colleague, not the rational one…
We need not only agile thinkers, but acting, feeling and
communicating human beings as well.”
- Kjell Nordstrom -

Moreover
“When the leader is in a happy mood, the people around him view
everything in a more positive light. That, in turn, makes them
optimistic about achieving their goals, enhances their creativity
and the efficiency of their decision making, and predisposes them
to be helpful.”
- Daniel Goleman -
 EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
EQ is twice as important as cognitive or technical skills for high job
performance

“IQ accounts for as little as 4 % of exceptional leadership, job performance

and achievement; EQ may account for over 90%.”
Robert Sternberg

A study of 100 management and business leaders in the UK over 7 years

by Malcolm Higgs and Vic Dulewicz revealed that “emotional
intelligence was more highly related to success than IQ alone”.

“… the most successful teams are distinguished by empathy and integrity,

rather that brain power…(they) excel at working with others and are
adaptable, capable of self-control and able to manage “productive
conflict” …over ideas rather than personalities.“
Hay Group
Strategic thinking needs EQ as much as IQ
 SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE
It extends the notion of emotional intelligence to social
situation, encompassing social awareness and social
competency.

The original definition by Edward Thorndike in 1920

is "the ability to understand and manage men and
women and girls, to act wisely in human relations".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_intelligence
SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE
SQ (Social Quotient) Social Age
120 (socially mature for age) 20.4
110 18.7
100 (average) 17
90 15.3
80 13.6
70 (help is recommended) 11.9
60 (help is recommended) 10.2
50 (help is recommended) 8.5
40 (help is recommended) 6.8
30 (help is recommended) 5.1
20 (help is recommended) 3.4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_intelligence
 SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE

Social intelligence (SI) is mostly learned. SI develops

from experience with people and learning from
success and failures in social settings.
The Key Elements of Social Intelligence:
1. Verbal Fluency and Conversational Skills (social
expressiveness skills)
2. Knowledge of Social Roles, Rules, and Scripts.
3. Effective Listening Skills.
4. Understanding What Makes Other People Tick.
5. Role Playing and Social Self-Efficacy.
6. Impression Management Skills.

Ronald E Riggio Ph.D.Cutting-Edge Leadership

 CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE
It is the ability to connect with other people in different
cultures and to cope effectively with cultural diversity. It is
important for leadership in cross-cultural and
multi-cultural settings.
LOW LEVEL of Cultural Intellegence:

DIFFICULT TO INTERACT WITH DIFFERENT CULTURE

LOW TOLERANCE

LACK OF DESIRE TO LEARN

“Cultural intelligence is a key determinant of the extent to which global

leaders learn from their international assignments and thereby enhance
their effectiveness. “
Kok-Yee Ng and colleagues
BEHAVIORAL INTELLIGENCE
The skills of both using and responding to emotion,
communicating in other ways (writing, speaking), using
personal power and physical activity.
 MORAL INTELLIGENCE
“The ability to differentiate right from wrong as defined by
universal principles, those beliefs about human conduct that are
common to all cultures around the world“
Doug Lennick and Fred Kiel
 MORAL INTELLIGENCE

ESSENTIAL VIRTUES:
- Michele Borba -
FAIRNESS

RESPECT KINDNESS TOLERANCE

EMPATHY CONSCIENCE SELF-CONTROL

Lennick & Kiel shows how truly great business leaders never sacrifice
moral integrity for financial goals and “doing the right thing” produces
the best companies and the best results.
MORAL INTELLIGENCE
ASPECTS of MORAL INTELLIGENCE
- Frank and colleagues -

INTEGRITY RESPONSIBILITY

COMPASSION FORGIVENESS
 MORAL INTELLIGENCE
SAY WHAT YOU DO,
SAY WHAT YOU THINK DO WHAT YOU SAY
THINK WHAT YOU SAY

DO WHAT YOU THINK,

THINK WHAT YOU DO
Faith
MORAL INTELLIGENCE
MORAL INTELLIGENCE
MORAL INTELLIGENCE
 MORAL INTELLIGENCE

Attributes of Leaders
CARING (Integrity, Jonathan Lamb 2006)

COMMUNICATION
COMPETENCE
COMMITMENT
CHARACTER
COURAGE

Character is the mental and moral

qualities distinctive to an individual.
MORAL INTELLIGENCE
MORAL INTELLIGENCE
 MORAL INTELLIGENCE

“Watch your thoughts, for they become words.

Watch your words, for they become actions.

Watch your actions, for they become habits.

Watch your habits, for they become character.

Watch your character, for it becomes your destiny.”

~ Anonymous
 MORAL INTELLIGENCE

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