SYSTEMATICS BASED ON EVOLUTIONARY

RELATIONSHIPS: TAXONOMY
TAXONOMY

 Taxonomy came from the Ancient Greek

(taxis)meaning “ARRANGEMENT” and (nomia)
“METHOD”
 Is the branch of biology that groups and names
organisms based on studies of their different
characteristics.
 Is the science of naming, describing and
classifying organisms and includes all plants,
animals and microorganisms of the world
 Organisms are grouped together into taxa
(singular: taxon)
 The principal ranks in modern use are domain,
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus
and species.
CARL LINNAEUS

Is a Swedish botanist, is regarded as the father of

taxonomy, as he developed a system known as
Linnaean taxonomy for categorization of organisms
and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.
LINNAEUS’S SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION/
LINNAEAN TAXONOMY

 Kingdom
The kingdom is the highest
category in biological classification. It is a group
of closely related organisms.
Example all plants are included
in kingdom plantae while all
animals belong to kingdom
animalia. It has five kingdoms.
FIVE TYPES OF KINGDOM:
 1. Monera Kingdom

-consists of organisms that are made up of one cell.

These organisms are called unicellular. These
unicellular organisms are made of a very simple cell
that often lacks many cell parts, such as a nucleus,
that are commonly found in other cells.

 2. Protist Kingdom

Protists are similar to monera in that they are

unicellular. Protists are a bit more complex because
they contain a nucleus. They also have moving parts
and can move around within their environment.
 3. Fungi Kingdom

Fungi have their own kingdom because there is

no other organism like them. They were once
thought to be plants but they differ from plants
in one major way. Fungi cannot make their own
food. Mushrooms are a type of fungi.

 4. Plant Kingdom

All plants are a part of the Plant Kingdom.

Plants include trees, grass, flowers, and algae.
They all share the common characteristic of being
able to make their own food.Because they only
require a few simple requirements, plants can
grow almost anywhere.
 5. Animal Kingdom

Organisms in the Animal Kingdom are

multicellular and rely on other organisms for
food. This kingdom is by far the largest of all the
kingdoms.
 Phylum
A phylum is a group of related animal classes.
Birds along with mammals are members of the
same phylum Chordata because of the feature
of presence of notochord and dorsal hollow
nerve cord.

 Class
The class is a group of related orders. For
example order Primata comprising monkeys,
gorillas and gibbons are placed in Class
Mammalia. all having a common feature that is
hair on skin and milk glands.
 Order
An order is a group of related families which
exhibit a few similar characters. For example
in animals family, Felidae and Canidae are
included in the same order Carnivora. And
primate for the most developed and intelligent
group of mammals, including humans,
monkeys, and apes.

 Family
A family is a group of the related genus.
They have still less number of similarities as
compared to genus and species. Families such
as felidae, canidae, hominidae, ursidae and
delphinidae
 Genus
Genus is a group of species which are alike in
broad features of their organization but different
in detail. Species in a genus have common
ancestry. Example, Genus panthera within
felidae family.

 Species
Species is a group of actually or potentially
inbreeding population reproductively isolated
from other such groups. It is the lowest
taxonomic characteristics. It consists of
individuals which have fundamental similarities
and can be distinguished from other closely
related species due to distinct morphological
characters.
EXAMPLES OF TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF PANTHER

 Kingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: Chordata

 Class: Mammalia

 Order: Carnivora

 Family: Felidae

 Genus: Panthera

 Species: pardus
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF KILLER
WHALE

 Kingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: Chordata

 Class: Mammalia

 Order: Cetacea

 Family: Delphinidae

 Genus: Orcinus

 Species: Orca
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF GRIZZLY
BEAR

 Kingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: Chordata

 Class: Mammalia

 Order: Carnivora

 Family: Ursidae

 Genus: Ursus

 Species: Arctos
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF WOLF

 Kingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: Chordata

 Class: Mammalia

 Order: Carnivora

 Family: Canidae

 Genus: Canis

 Species: Lupus
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF CAT

 Kingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: Chordata

 Class: Mammalia

 Order: Carnivora

 Family: Felidae

 Genus: Felis

 Species: Catus
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF TIGER

 Kingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: Chordata

 Class: Mammalia

 Order: Carnivora

 Family: Felidae

 Genus: Panthera

 Species: tigris
TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS

 Kingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: Chordata

 Class: Mammalia

 Order: Primates

 Family: Hominidae

 Genus: Homo

 Species: sapiens