TUBERCULOSIS

Prepared by:
TONY ROSE R. BAYLON,RN
 WHAT IS TUBERCULOSIS?

 Caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis or TB bacilli.

 Generally affects the lungs but can also affects other parts of the body.
 Can be treated
 If not treated properly,TB infection can be fatal
 INCUBATION PERIOD
 From 3 to 8 weeks
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
 Sneezing
 Coughing
 Spitting
 Talking
 Singing
 CLASSIFICATIONS OF TB

Pulmonary Tuberculosis Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Cough for more than two weeks
 Fever
 Chest pain
 Back pain
 Weight loss
 Chills
 Night sweat
 Fatigue
 Loss of appetite
 May cough up blood
 RISK FACTORS
 Elderly
 Children
 Health care providers or persons with closed contact with person with infectious TB.
 Crowded living situations
 Diseases that weakens the immune system
 Alcoholism
 Smoking
 People who were not treated correctly for TB in the past
 DIAGNOSIS
 Chest x-ray
 Sputum exam
 Tuberculin skin test
 PREVENTION
 Vaccine
 Keep our home well ventilated
 Keep our environment clean
 Eat a balanced diet
 Active case finding
 Follow the UBOkabularyo
 WHAT IS UBOKABULARYO?

-COUGH ETIQUETTE
• Umubo at bumahing gamit ang panyo o tissue.
• Magtakip ng ilong at bibig pag may umubo o
bumahing malapit sayo.
• Ugaliing nasa tamang lugar at paraan ang pagdura.
• Bigyang-halaga ang paghuhugas ng kamay matapos
umubo o bumahing.
• Okay lang na gamitin ang manggas o loob ng damit
kung walang panyo o tissue.
 DOTS(Directly Observe Treatment,
Short-Course

 Directly Observed Treatment Short-course(DOTS) - DOTS is a method developed to

ensure treatment compliance by providing constant and motivational supervision to TB
patients. DOTS works by having a responsible person, referred to as treatment partner,
watch the TB patient take anti-TB drugs every day during the whole course of treatment.
TREATMENT REGIMEN
 CATEGORY I (New Cases)
*6 months treatment of combination of antibiotics
2 months( Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide,
Ethambutol)
4 months ( Rifampicin and Isoniazid)
 CATEGORY II (Retreatment)
*8 months of combination of antibiotics + 56 doses of
Streptomycin Sulfate (injection)
3 months(Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide,
Ethambutol)
5 months(Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Ethambutol)
 ADVERSE DRUG REACTION TO ANTI-TB
DRUGS

MINOR MAJOR
 Skin irritation  Severe skin rash due to hypersensitivity
 Localized Rashes  Jaundice due to hepatitis
 Joint/muscle pain  Visual/hearing Impairment
 Orange/red colored urine  Oliguria
 Convulsion
 Anemia
 SOME FACTS ABOUT TUBERCULOSIS

 People don’t get infected with TB through

utensils.
 TB is NOT hereditary.
 It is NOT true that ONLY skinny people were
the only one who can get infected
 People DON’T get infected with TB through
working, sweating and sleeping late at night.
 Tb is not transmitted through hugging and
kissing.
 WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE
TREATMENT IS INTERRUPTED?

 Tb patient will continuously spread the disease

 Tb patient will not be cured
 May develop MDR-TB
 Could lead to death
 MANAGEMENT OF CASES WHO
INTERRUPTED TREATMENT

 1. If patient interrupted treatment for less than one (1) month, continue the treatment
and prolong it to compensate for missed doses.
 2. If patient interrupted treatment for more than one (1) month but less than two (2) months, do the following:
a. Repeat the DSSM.
b. If the DSSM is negative, continue the treatment and prolong to compensate for missed doses.
c. If the DSSM is positive, check how long the patient has been treated.
i. If treatment received is less than five (5) months, continue treatment and prolong to compensate for missed
doses.
ii. If treatment received is five (5) months or more, close the treatment card, classify the patient as having a
treatment outcome of “Treatment Failed” and refer the patient to a PMDT Treatment Facility for MDR screening.
 3. If the patient interrupted treatment for two (2) months or more, classify as having a treatment outcome of “Lost to
Follow-up”. Close the previous registration, repeat DSSM and follow the case-finding policies and procedures.
 HOW TO STOP TB WITH THE
HELP OF COMMUNITY PEOPLE?

 Information dissemination
 Convince the person with signs and symptoms of TB to consult a doctor
 Be a treatment partner.
WHAT IS TREATMENT PARTNER?

 Responsible person who watch the patient take Anti-TB drugs everyday during the whole
course of treatment. Treatment partners could be a:
*doctor
*nurse
*midwife
*barangay health worker
*trained family member
ROLES OF TREATMENT PARTNER

 Discuss with the patient the importance of completing the treatment.

 Give the medicine to the patient everyday 30 minutes before breakfast.
 Sign the NTP ID card every after giving the medication to the patient.
 Make sure that the patient will submit their sputum at a scheduled time for the follow up
sputum exam.
 Get the medicine at the Health Center.
 Observe for possible drug reaction to Anti-Tb drugs.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF TB PATIENT

 Information dissemination
 Take the medicine everyday
 Help to protect the other members of the family
 Submit sputum at a scheduled time