GIE 462

INTRODUCTION TO URBAND
TRANSPORTATION
PLANNING
• Transportation Engineering, An Introduction – C.
Jotin Khisty & B. Kent Lall (3rd Edition)
 Chapter 1 Transportation Systems

• Internet

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 Introduction
 Malik Saqib Mahmood
 Educational Background
 Professional Experience
 Contact info:
• Phone: 051-90854162
• Email: saqib-nit@scee.nust.edu.pk
 About Urban Transportation Planning
Course
 INTRODUCTION
 Basic function is to link residence
with employment and producers of
goods with their users.
 Experience as a user, own personal
viewpoint.
 No two persons can expect to come
to the same conclusion about a
problem confronting transportation
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 an integral part of human culture.
 Movement in a broad sense offers
inherent joy and pleasure as well as
pain, suffering, and frustration.
 All human beings are interacting
over distance and time, and this
interaction in itself creates
involvement.
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 What is Transportation in Short??
 Transportation is the movement of
people and goods over time and
space...
 Transportation should be…

- Safe
- Environmentally Friendly
−And Economical

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Source:
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http://inventorspot.com/what_is_the_future_of_transportation
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 Emissions from Vehicles

Emissions

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PROGRESS IN TRANSPORTATION
 Human beings are known to have
laid out and used convenient routes
as early as 30,000 BC
 The first wheeled military vehicles
were developed around 2500 B.C.
 A surface of compacted broken stone
made an ideal pavement surface.

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 People who traveled on foot could
manage between 10 and 25 miles
per day
 Transmit messages at the rate of
250 miles per day.
 1840s, the horse-drawn street car
appeared, average speed of 4 mph
 1880s that electrically propelled
transportation was introduced
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 Changed with invention of gasoline-
powered internal-combustion engine
IN 1866
 Most outstanding technological
developments
• The first pipelines in the United States
were introduced in 1825.
• First railroad opened in 1825.
• The first automobile was produced in
1886 (by Daimler and Benz). 11
• The Wright brothers flew the first
heavier-than-air machine in 1903.
• The first diesel electric locomotive was
introduced in 1921.
• Lindbergh flew over the Atlantic Ocean
to Europe in 1927.
• The first diesel engine buses were used
in 1938.
• The first limited-access highway in the
United States (the Pennsylvania Turn-
pike) opened in 1940.
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• The Interstate Highway system initiated
in 1950.
• The first commercial jet appeared in
1958.
• Astronauts landed on the moon in 1969.
• The use of computers and automation in
transportation grew dramatically through
the 1960s and 1970s and continues.
• Microcomputers have revolutionized our
capabilities to examine alternatives
quickly and efficiently.
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TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEMS
 ROAD TRANSPORT TRUCK
RAIL ROAD
 RAIL TRANSPORT CAR
AIR
AIR TRANSPORT SHIPS
 CARRIER
PIPE
BUSLINES
 WATER TRANSPORT BARGES
RAIL
BELTS
CYCLE
 CONTINUOUS FLOW TRANSIT
HOVERCRAFT
GENERAL
CABLES
AVIATION
OVERVIEW OF TRANSPORTATION
ENGINEERING
 Transportation engineering is a
multidisciplinary area of study
 Concepts drawn from the fields of
economics, geography, operations
research, regional planning,
sociology, psychology, probability,
and statistics, together analytical
tools of engineering.

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 Transportation System
Planning Engineering
Traffic Demand
O/D Flows

Network Performance
Demand Analysis
Vehicle, Driver
Trip Generation Network Characteristics
Trip Distribution Equilibrium Traffic Flow
Mode Choice Capacity Analysis
Route Choice Queuing
Geometric Design

User Cost/Time
Nonuser Cost
Pollution
Indirect Effect
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 The desires of people to move and their
need for goods create the demand for
transportation.
 Transportation Engineering is "the
application of technological and scientific
principles to the planning, functional
design, operation, and management of
facilities for any mode of transportation in
order to provide for the safe, rapid,
comfortable, convenient, economical, and
environmentally compatible movement of
people and goods” 18
 MOVEMENT
AND TRANSPORTATION
 A city can be considered as a
locational arrangement of activities
or a land-use pattern. The location of
activities affects human beings, and
human activities modify locational
arrangements.
 a trip as an event and travel as a
process.

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• Why people move and goods are
moved?
 Relative attractiveness between

two or more destinations.

 Desire to overcome distance,
measured in terms of time and
money.
 Prevailing opportunities to
competition among several locations
to satisfy demand and supply. 20
 This decision is made depending on
such attributes as time, speed,
efficiency, costs, safety, and
convenience.

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Land use is one of the prime determinants of
movement and activity. This activity, known as
trip generation

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 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
AND CHARACTERISTICS
 Four basic elements:
• Links
• Vehicles
• nodes
• Management and labour
 These four elements interact with
human beings, as users or nonusers
of the system and also with the
environment
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 Individual differences be considered.
• age,
• Income
• car ownership
• economic status
• Health
• Skills
• Safety
• Convenience
• Continuity
• Comfort
• attractiveness 24
 Transportation systems can be
evaluated in terms of three basic
attributes:

• Ubiquity: accessibility &,

directness of routing between
access points, and the system's
flexibility to handle a variety of
traffic conditions.
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• Mobility: the quantity of travel
that can be handled. The capacity
of a system to handle traffic and
speed a rail system could possibly
have high speed and high
capacity.

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• Efficiency: the relationship
between the cost of
transportation and the
productivity of the system.
Capital and operating costs, and
indirect costs comprise adverse
impacts and unquantifiable costs,
such as safety.

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 TRANSPORTATION RELATED
PROBLEMS
 Transportation problems are being
confronted by developed and
developing countries, Urban and
rural.
 Solving transportation problems has
become one of the chief tasks
confronting city and state
governments in this country and
abroad
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 Problems
• Congestion problems with traffic
movement, particularly during
peak hours, which cause millions
of hours of total delay to the
system's users.
• Fatal accidents, injuries, and
property damage, there seems to
be little that is really accidental in
most accidents.
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• Public transportation usage is on
the decline. Infrequent service,
unreliable schedules, and rising
fares do little to popularize public
transport.

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• Pedestrians and bicyclists
constantly complain of being
treated as second-class citizens.
Crime on the open street does not
encourage even health-conscious
pedestrians and bicyclists to
continue their mode of
transportation.

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• Neighborhood groups complain
bitterly about the ambient noise
and pollution of the atmosphere
because of automobile traffic.
• Curtailment of existing parking in
downtown and commercial areas.

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• Poor generally feel that public
moneys are spent on providing the
maximum benefits to the rich at the
expense of the poor. Problems in
transportation are often solved on a
purely economic basis.
• Energy prices seem to be constantly
on the rise and the public appears to
blame the government for not
intervening in curbing automobile
ownership. 34
 whatever policymakers do in future,
they will have to keep the following
points in mind:
• The tremendous dependence on the
automobile and relation of this
dependency to urban form and the
location of people and their jobs
• The evolution of a public
transportation system capable of
serving the entire urban area
effectively
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• The capability of government and its
policies to provide a transportation
system that is equitable to both car
owners and the car-less.
• The combination of new technologies
and effort to design a more satisfying
urban environment in the long run

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• Complexities of new problems due to
the uncertainty of energy supplies and
costs.
• Solving urban transportation problems
through the public and private sectors;
and the cost implications of alternative
federal policies.

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 EMERGING TRANSPORTATION
TECHNOLOGIES (ITS)

 Smart traffic signal control systems

 Entering freeways with signals on ramps.
Old but being refined by linking it with
other detection systems, for example,
accident surveillance systems.
 Transit management systems help
managers to control and monitor the
movements of transit vehicles and adjust
schedules accordingly.
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 Incident management systems
(IMS) detect and manage
nonrecurring traffic congestion.
 Electronic toll collection.
 Electronic fare payment systems.

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 Emergency response allows emergency
vehicles to control traffic lights at inter-
sections.
 Travel information systems provide traffic
information to users so that they can
adjust their travel plans based on what
they learn.
 Route guidance systems are based on
Global Positioning System (Satellite)
technology and assist motorists with
distance and direction information to
selected destinations. 40
 SALIENT FEATURES
 Transportation engineering is a very
diverse field. It embraces planning,
functional design, operation, and
the management of facilities for
different modes of transportation.

 Good transportation provides for

the safe, rapid, comfortable,
convenient, economical, and
environmentally compatible
movement of people and goods. 41
 Transportation engineering is
practiced by policymakers, managers,
planners, designers and engineers,
operating and maintenance
specialists, and evaluators.

 Transportation engineering is a
multidisciplinary field drawing on
more established disciplines to
provide its basic framework, such as
economics, geography, and statistics.
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 The system approach as a problem-
solving philosophy has been applied
successfully in transportation
engineering.

 The reason why, when, and how

people and goods move is a complex
issue.

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 Land use is one of the prime
determinants of movement and
activity. A cyclical process connecting
transportation and land-use activities
provides answers to transportation
needs over time.

 The physical plant of most

transportation systems consists of
basic elements: links, vehicles, and
terminals.
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 There is an interconnection
between human behavior and
transportation. Several properties
of the physical environment, such
as spatial organization and physical
ambience, have a direct impact on
human behavior.

 At least three basic attributes of

transportation systems can be used
for purposes of evaluation: ubiquity
or accessibility, mobility, and
efficiency.
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 Although transportation systems can
be classified in different ways, the
emergence of functional classification
is useful for engineers.

 There is ample evidence to show

that people choose a mode of
transportation not purely on the
basis of cost, but also on the basis of
time. This phenomenon has pro-
duced the pronounced transportation
gaps we notice in developed 46

countries.
 The connection between
transportation and sustainability is
recognized worldwide.

 Emerging advanced technologies

are gaining ground.

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 Transportation Demand
Management
 Application of strategies and policies to
reduce travel demand (specifically that
of single occupancy vehicles), or to
redistribute this demand in space or in
time. – (Wikipedia)
 Defining the need for transportation
infrastructure through management of
demand by optimized use of different
modes and route selection through the
use of various traffic flow characteristic
functions. (myself)
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TransCAD Screenshot

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Cube Base
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Dynamic Modeling

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 THANKS

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