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TIPE 2
Diabetes* Affects 246 Million People Worldwide
Europe
2007: 53 million
Africa, Eastern
Mediterranean
The Americas and Middle East
2007: 45 million 2007: 35 million
SE Asia and
W Pacific
2007: 114 million
*T2DM represents ~90%–95% of cases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2005. Atlanta, Ga: US Department
of Health and Human Services; 2005.)
Adapted from International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. 2nd ed. 2003; 3rd ed. 2006.
Global diabetes epidemic
350 333
diabetes world wide (millions)
72%
Number of people with
300
250
194
increase
200
150
100
50
0
2003 2025
Year
International Diabetes Federation
Prevalence of diabetes (WHO, 2004) :
World population
Indonesia
2004 8.4 millions
2030 21.2 millions
Diabetes in clinical reality –
Global
2000 2030
Ranking Country People with Country People with
diabetes diabetes
(millions) (millions)
1 India 31.7 India 79.4
2 China 20.8 China 42.3
3 US 17.7 US 30.3
4 Indonesia 8.4 Indonesia 21.3
5 Japan 6.8 Pakistan 13.9
6 Pakistan 5.2 Brazil 11.3
7 Russia 4.6 Bangladesh 11.1
8 Brazil 4.6 Japan 8.9
9 Italy 4.3 Philippines 7.8
10 Bangladesh 3.2 Egypt 6.7
Wild S et al. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1047-53
Tissue Damage in Many Organ Systems Leads to
Serious Long-term Complications in T2DM
Brain and Cerebral
Eyes
Circulation
(retinopathy, glaucoma,
cataracts) (stroke, TIA)
Peripheral Nervous
System
(peripheral neuropathy) Peripheral Vascular Tree
(peripheral vascular disease,
gangrene, amputation)
CHF=congestive heart failure; ESRD=end-stage renal disease; MI=myocardial infarction; TIA=transient ischemic attack; T2DM=type 2 diabetes mellitus
Adapted from International Diabetes Federation. Complications. Available at: http://www.eatlas.idf.org/complications. Accessed April 14, 2006.
Two-Thirds of People with
Diabetes Die
of Cardiovascular Disease
Among diabetics,
macrovascular complications,
(incl. CHD, stroke and peripheral vascular disease),
are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality.
2. Tipe 2 DM
• Tubuh tak dapat menggunakan insulin dgn baik
• Biasanya pada pasien di atas 30 tahun
• Dapat dikontrol oleh diet dan olahraga
• Bila perlu menggunakan tablet antidiabetes
• Kadang-kadang memerlukan insulin
GEJALA DIABETES
Sering haus
Sering buang air kecil
Sering lapar
Sering pusing dan merasa lemah
Luka sulit dan lama sembuh
Penglihatan kabur
Kaki dan tangan terasa semutan dan mati rasa
KONSEKUENSI DIABETES YANG TAK
TERKONTROL
Komplikasi:
Kerusakan mata - kebutaan
Kerusakan ginjal
Kerusakan jaringan syaraf
Serangan jantung, tekanan darah tinggi, stroke
Kaki diabetik, amputasi
KERUSAKAN MATA
Diet
Olah raga
Memonitor kadar gula darah
Pengaturan berat badan
Obat anti diabetes oral
Insulin
OBAT UNTUK DM TIPE 2