DESIGN OF BITUMINOUS MIXES FOR

BM, DBM, SDBC, BC ETC.

By

B.L.RAWAT
B.E.(HONS.), M.E.(HONS.),MBA
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER (BUILDING CELL)
PWD, CE OFFICE, JAIPUR
TYPES OF BASES AND SURFACE COURSES
(BITUMINOUS)
 Prime Coat
 Tack Coat
 Bituminous Macadam
 Grade 1
 Grade 2
 Bituminous Penetration Macadam
 For 50 mm thick
 For 75 mm thick
 Built-up Spray Grout
 Dense Bituminous Macadam
 Surface Dressing
 Single Coat
 Double Coat
 Surface Dressing with Precoated Aggregate
 Open Graded Premix Carpet
 Mix Seal Surfacing
 Type A
 Type B
 Semi-Dense Bituminous Concrete
 Grade 1
 Grade 2
 Grade 3
 Bituminous Concrete
 Seal Coat
 Liquid Seal
 Premixed Seal
 Bitumen Mastic
 Slurry Seal
 3 mm
 1.5 mm
 Recycling of Bituminous Pavement
BITUMINOUS MIX DESIGN (JOB MIX
FORMULA)
 Marshall Stability Test
Marshall Stability Test adopted by US Corps of
Engineers is a semi-confined compression test which
is comparable to a triaxial test with a cell pressure
of about 0.7 kg/sqcm.
 Hveem Stabilometer and Cohesiometer Tests
Hveem Stabilometer embodies main characteristics of
triaxial test. It requires kneading compactor.
 Types of Bituminous Mixes
 Dense graded
 Open graded

 Desirable Properties
 Stability: resistance to deformation
 Density: degree of compaction
 Durability: resistance against weathering
 Flexibility: extent of deformation before failure
 Resistance to skidding
 Workability during construction
MARSHALL STABILITY TEST
 The Marshall Test is made to obtain optimum binder
content for the type of aggregate mix and traffic
intensity.
 This stability test is applicable to hot-mix design
using bitumen and aggregates with maximum size of
25mm.
 Stability: The Marshall Stability of the mix is defined
as a maximum load carried by a compacted specimen
at a standard test temperature at 60°C and at the
rate of 5 cm per minute.
 Flow value: The flow value is the deformation the
Marshall test specimen undergoes during the loading,
upto the maximum load, in 0.25 mm units.
 Design Steps
 Select grading to be used.
 Select aggregates to be employed in the mix.
 Determine the proportion of each aggregate required
to produce the design grading.
 Determine the specific gravity
 Make up the trial specimens with varying bitumen
contents.
 Determine the specific gravity of each compacted
specimen.
 Make stability tests on the specimen.
 Calculate the percentage of voids, VMA and the
percent VFB in each specimen.
 Select the optimum bitumen content.
 Check the values of Marshall Stability, Flow, Voids
in total mix, VFB with optimum bitumen content.
 Apparatus
 Marshall Mould: Cylindrical moulds of 10 cm
diameter, 7.5 cm height with interchangeable base
plate and collar.
 Sample Extractor: a jack or compression machine
 Hammer: 8.8 cm diameter, 4.5 kg weight, free fall
45.7 cm.
 Breaking Head
 Loading Machine: movement at the rate of 5 cm per
minute, proving ring of 5 tonne capacity.
 Flow Meter: least count of 0.025 mm.
 Oven, Hot Plate, Mixing Apparatus, Water Bath,
Thermometer
MODIFIED MARSHALL TEST
 Asphalt Institute Manual MS-2 and ASTM
D5581.
 Used where maximum size of aggregate is more
than 26.5 mm.
 Mould diameter: 150 mm.

 When the modified Marshall test is used, the

specified minimum stability values and the
specified flow values shall be multiplied by 2.25
and 1.5 respectively.
 Preparation of Test Specimen
 Aggregate: 1200 gm, heated to temperature of 175° to
190°C.
 Mould Assembly and Rammer: pre-heated: 100° to
145°C.
 Bitumen: heated 121° to 138°C.
 Mixing temperature
 VG-10 or 80/100 grade: 154°C.
 VG-20 or 60/70 grade: 160°C.

 Compaction
 50 blows on either side, for medium traffic roads
 75 blows on either side, for heavy traffic roads

 Compaction temperature
 VG-10 or 80/100 grade: 138°C.
 VG-20 or 60/70 grade: 149°C.

 Compacted thickness: 63.5 ± 3.0 mm.

 Bitumen content: 3% to 7.5% with increment of 0.5%
 Tests
 Specific gravity of Compacted Specimens:

Gt = 100 / (W1/G1 + W2/G2 + W3/G3 + W4/G4 ) 2

where W1 = percent by weight of coarse aggregates

W2 = percent by weight of fine aggregate
W3 = percent by weight of filler
W4 = percent by weight of bitumen in total mix
G1, G2 and G3 are apparent specific gravity
values of coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and
filler and G4 is the specific gravity of bitumen.
 Density and Void Analysis
Vv, % = 100(Gt – Gb)/ Gt
Vb, % = Gb * W4/ G4

VMA, % = Vv + Vb
VFB, % = 100 * Vb/ VMA
where Gb = bulk density of a specimen
Gt = theoretical specific gravity mixture
Vv = air voids in the mix, %
Vb = volume of bitumen
VMA = voids in mineral aggregate, %
VFB = voids filled with bitumen, %
 Marshall Stability and Flow Values
 The specimen is kept immersed under water at 60°C
± 1°C for 30 to 40 mins.
 Placed in test head and maximum load before failure
is noted.
 Flow value at failure is noted.
 Correction in thickness if specimen not exactly 63.5
mm.
 Correction factor is applied.
Correction Factors

Volume of Approximate Thickness Correction

Specimen in cubcm of Specimen (mm) Factors
457 – 470 57.1 1.1.9
471 – 482 58.7 1.14
483 – 495 60.3 1.09
496 – 508 61.9 1.04
509 – 522 63.5 1.00
523 – 535 65.1 0.96
536 – 546 66.7 0.93
547 – 549 68.3 0.89
560 – 573 69.9 0.86
 Determination of Optimum Bitumen Content
Five graphs are plotted with values of bitumen content
against the values of:
 Density Gb, g/cubcm
 Marshall stability S, kg
 Voids in total mix Vv, %
 Flow value F, 0.25 mm units
 Voids filled with bitumen VFB, %

 Bulk density, Stability and Flow are measured

whereas percentage air voids, Vv, VFB and VMA
are computed from formula.
 Optimum Bitumen Content
B0 = (B1 + B2 + B3)/ 3
where,
B1 = bitumen content corresponding to maximum density.
B2 = bitumen content corresponding to maximum stability
B3 = bitumen content corresponding to specified voids
content, Vv

 Value of flow and VFB are found from graphs, corresponding

to B0. All the design values of Marshall Stability, Flow, Voids
and VFB are checked at the B0 with the specific design
requirement of the mix.
 If mix designed does not fulfill any one or more of the design
requirements, the gradation of aggregates or filler content or
bitumen content or combination of these are altered and the
design tests are repeated till all the requirements are
simultaneously fulfilled.
JOB MIX FORMULA
 The proportion in which the different aggregates,
filler and bitumen are to be mixed are specified by
weight or by volume for implementation during the
construction, is called Job Mix Formula.
VISCOSITY GRADED (VG) BITUMENS AND
THEIR GENERAL APPLICATIONS

Viscosity Grade General Applications

VG-40 Use in highly stressed areas such
(40-60 penetration) as those in intersections, near
toll booths, and truck parking
lots in lieu of old 30/ 40
penetration grade
VG- 30 Use for paving in most of India in
(50-70 penetration) lieu of old 60/ 70 penetration
grade
VG- 20 Use for paving in cold climate,
(60-80 penetration) high altitude regions of North
India
VG-10 Use in spraying applications and
(80-100 penetration) for paving in very cold climate in
lieu of old 80/ 100 penetration
grade
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR GRADE OF
MODIFIED BITUMEN

Lowest Daily Highest Daily Mean Air Temperature, °C

Mean Air Less than 20°C 20 to 30°C More than 30°C
Temperature, °C
More than -10°C PMB/ NRMB PMB/ NRMB 70 PMB/ NRMB 40
120 CRMB 55 CRMB 60
CRMB 50
-10°C or lower PMB/ NRMB PMB/ NRMB PMB/ NRMB 70
120 120 CRMB 55
CBMB 50 CRMB 50
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COARSE AGGREGATE
Property Test Requirement Test method
Cleanliness Grain size analysis Max. 5% passing IS: 2386 Part I
0.075mm
Particle Shape Flakiness and Elongation Max. 35% IS: 2386 Part I
Index
Strength Los Angeles Abrasion Value BC- Max. 30% IS: 2386 Part IV
Others- Max. 35%
Aggregate Impact Value BC- Max. 24% IS: 2386 Part IV
Others- Max. 27%
Polishing Polished Stone Value Min. 55 IS: 2386 Part IV
Soundness (Either Sodium or Magnesium Sulphate) – 5 cycles
Sodium Sulphate Max. 12% IS: 2386 Part V
Magnesium Sulphate Max. 18% IS: 2386 Part V
Water Water Absorption Max. 2% IS: 2386 Part III
Absorption
Stripping Coating and Stripping of Min. Retained Coating IS: 6241
Bitumen Aggregate Mixtures 95%
Water Retained Tensile strength Min 80% ASHTO 283
Sensitivity
GRADING REQUIREMENT OF MINERAL
FILLER

IS Sieve (mm) Cumulative % passing by weight of total

aggregate
0.6 100
0.3 95 – 100
0.075 85 – 100
 AGGREGATE GRADING AND BITUMEN CONTENT
Specification DBM SDBC BC
Grading 1 2 1 2 1 2
Normal maximum 37.5 mm 26.5 mm 13.2 mm 9.5 mm 19 mm 13.2 mm
aggregate size
Layer thickness 75–100 mm 50 – 75 mm 40 mm 25 mm 50 mm 25/ 40 mm
IS Sieve size (mm) Cumulative percent by weight of total aggregate passing
45 100
37.5 95 – 100 100
26.5 63 – 93 90 – 100 100
19 - 71 – 95 100 90 – 100 100
13.2 55 – 75 56 – 80 90 – 100 100 59 – 79 90 – 100
9.5 - - 70 – 90 90 – 100 52 – 72 70 – 88
4.75 38 – 54 38 – 54 35 – 51 35 – 51 35 – 55 53 – 71
2.36 28 – 42 28 – 42 24 – 39 24 – 39 28 – 44 42 – 58
1.18 - - 15 – 30 20 – 34 34 – 48
0.6 - - 15 – 27 26 – 38
0.3 7 – 21 7 – 21 9 – 19 10 – 20 18 – 28
0.15 - - 5 – 13 12 – 20
0.075 2–8 2–8 3–8 3–8 2–8 4 – 10
Bitumen content 4% 4.5% 4.5% 5% 5.2% 5.4%
(Min)
TRRL METHOD, HER MAJESTY’S
LONDON
PERMISSIBLE VARIATION FROM THE JOB
MIX FORMULA
Description Permissible Variation
DBM SDBC/ BC
Aggregate passing
19 mm or larger ± 8% ± 7%
13.2 mm/ 9.5 mm ± 7% ± 6%
4.75 mm ± 6% ± 5%
2.36 mm, 1.18 mm, 0.6 mm ± 5% ± 4%
0.3 mm, 0.15 mm ± 4% ± 3%
0.075 mm ± 2% ± 1.5%
Binder Course ± 0.3% ± 0.3%
Mixing Temperature ± 10°C ± 10°C
 MIXING, LAYING AND ROLLING TEMPERATURES
FOR DENSE MIXTURES (°C)

Bitumen Bitumen Aggregate Mixed Laying Rolling

Viscosity Aggregate Temperature Material Temperature Temperature
Grade Temperature
VG – 40 160 – 170 160 – 175 160 – 170 150 Min. 100 Min.
VG – 30 150 – 165 150 – 170 150 – 165 140 Min. 90 Min.
VG – 20 145 – 165 145 – 170 145 – 165 135 Min. 85 Min.
VG – 10 140 – 160 140 – 165 140 – 160 130 Min. 80 Min.
 REQUIREMENT OF THE DENSE GRADED BITUMINOUS MIX
USING VISCOSITY-GRADED (VG) PAVING/ MODIFIED
BITUMEN
Properties Viscosity Grade Modified Bitumen Test Method
Paving Bitumen
Hot climate Cold climate
Compaction level 75 blows on each face of the specimen
(Number of blows)
Minimum stability 9.0 12 10 AASHTO T245
(kN at 60°C)
Marshall flow (mm) 2–4 2.5 – 4 3.5 – 5 AASHTO T245
Marshall Quotient 2–5 2.5 – 5
(stability/ flow)
% Air Voids 3–5 MS-2, ASTM D2041
% Voids filled with 65 – 75 MS – 2
bitumen (VFB)
Tensile Strength Ratio 80% (Minimum) AASHTO T283
Coating of Aggregate 95% (Minimum) IS: 6241
Particles with
bitumen
 % VOIDS IN MINERAL AGGREGATE, VMA

Nominal Maximum Min. % VMA related to designed % air voids

Particle Size (mm) 3 4 5
9.5 14 15 16
13.2 13 14 15
19.0 12 13 14
26.5 11 12 13
37.5 10 11 12
RECOMMENDED TYPE AND THICKNESS OF
BITUMINOUS WEARING COURSES UNDER DIFFERENT
SITUATIONS (IRC:37:2001)
Sl. No. Type of Base/Binder Type of Bituminous Annual Rainfall Design
course Wearing Course L: <1500 mm traffic
M: 1500-3000 mm (msa)
H: >3000 mm
1. WBM,WMM, Crushed 20 mm PMC with L and M <10.0
Macadam, Built up sand seal coat
Spray Grout
20 mm PMC with L, M and H <10.0
liquid seal coat
20 mm MSS Type ‘A’ L,M and H <10.0
or ‘B’
2. Bituminous Macadam 25mm SDBC L,M and H <10.0
base/binder course
20 mm PMC with L,M and H <10.0
liquid seal coat
20 mm MSS Type ‘A’ L,M and H <10.0
or ‘B’
3. Dense Bituminous 25mm Bituminous L,M and H >5<10
Macadam Concrete (BC)
40mm BC L,M and H ≥10
50mm BC L,M and H ≥100
In applying the above recommendations, the following
points should be kept in view:
 In case where a pavement is decided to be developed in
stages, the surfacing should correspond to that for the
design stage.
 As far as possible, wearing course amenable to laying
with paver-finisher should be adopted over paver-
finished base/binder course.
 Expensive surfacing like, Bituminous Concrete should
not be provided directly over manually laid granular
bases.
CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF GRADE OF
BITUMEN FOR BITUMINOUS COURSES
(IRC:37-2001)

Climate Traffic(CVD) Bituminous Grade of

Course Bitumen to be
used
Hot Any BM, BPM, BUSG 60/70 (VG-20)
Moderate/Cold Any BM, BPM, BUSG 80/100 (VG-10)
Any Heavy Loads, DBM, SDBC, BC 60/70 (VG-20)
Expressways,
Urban Roads
Hot/ Moderate Any Premix Carpet 50/60 (VG-30) or
60/70 (VG-20)
Cold Any Premix Carpet 80/100 (VG-10)
Hot/ Moderate Any Mastic Asphalt 15±5
Cold Any Mastic Asphalt 30/ 40 (VG-40)
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR VISCOSITY-GRADED (VG)
PAVING BITUMEN BASED ON CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
(IRC:111:2009)

Lowest Daily Highest Daily Mean Air Temperature, °C

Mean Air
Temperature, °C Less than 20°C 20 to 30°C More than 30°C
More than -10° VG-10 VG- 20 VG- 30

-10°C or lower VG- 10 VG- 10 VG- 20

 TYPES OF DENSE GRADED BITUMINOUS MIXES,
THEIR MIXES, THEIR USE, NUMBER OF LAYERS
AND LAYER THICKNESS

Specification Purpose Number of Thickness of

Layers each Layer
Dense Base/ Binder Single or 50 mm – 100 mm
Bituminous Course/ Overlay Multiple
Macadam (DBM) for Strengthening
Semi- Dense Wearing Course Single 25 mm – 40 mm
Bituminous
Concrete (SDBC)
Bituminous Wearing Course Single 25 mm/ 40 mm/
Concrete (BC) 50 mm
 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE FREQUENCY OF
UNEVENNESS

Type of surface Unevenness, Max. no. of Surface Unevenness

mm NH/ SH MDR and others
Semi-Dense 4–6 20 40
Bituminous Concrete
(SDBC)
Bituminous Concrete 3–5 15 30
(BC)
 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE VALUES OF
ROUGHNESS (MM/ KM) FOR SURFACE WITH
DENSE GRADED BITUMINOUS MIXES

S. No. Type of surface Condition of Road Surface ( mm/ km)

Good Average Poor
1. SDBC < 2500 2500 – 3500 > 3500
2. BC < 2500 2000 – 3000 > 3000
 CONTROL TESTS FOR DENSE GRADED
BITUMINOUS MIXES AND THEIR MINIMUM
FREQUENCY
S. No. Test Frequency
1. Quality of binder Number of samples per lot and tests as per IS:73 or
IRC:SP: 53
2. Aggregate impact One test per 350 mtr cube of aggregate for each
value/ Los Angeles source and whenever there is change in the quality of
Abrasion value aggregate.
3. Flakiness Index One test per 350 mtr cube of aggregate for each
source and whenever there is change in the quality of
aggregate.
4. Soundness test (Sodium 1 test for each source and whenever there is change
and Magnesium in the quality of aggregate.
Sulphate test)
5. Water absorption of 1 test for each source and whenever there is change
aggregate in the quality of aggregate.
6. Sand equivalent test 1 test for each source and whenever there is change
in the quality of aggregate.
7. Plasticity Index 1 test for each source and whenever there is change
in the quality of aggregate.
S.No. Test Frequency
8. Polished stone value 1 test for each source and whenever there is
change in the quality of aggregate.
9. Percent of fractured faces 1 test per 350 mtrcube of aggregate when crushed
gravel is used.
10. Mix grading 1 test for individual constituent and mixed
aggregate from dryer for each 400 tonnes of mix
subject to minimum of 2 tests per day per plant.
11. Stability and voids analysis of 3 tests for stability, flow value, density and void
mix including theoretical content for each 400 tonnes of mix subject to
maximum specific gravity of minimum of 2 tests per day per plant.
loose mix
12. Moisture susceptibility of mix 1 test for each mix type whenever there is change
(AASHTO T283) in the quality or source of coarse or fine aggregate.
13. Temperature of binder in At regular intervals
boiler, aggregate in dryer and
mix at the time of laying and
compaction
14. Binder content One set for each 400 tonnes of mix subject to
minimum of 2 tests per day per plant.
15. Rate of spread of mix material After every 5th truck load.
16. Density of compacted layer One test per 700 sqmtr area.
MANUAL FOR CONSTRUCTION AND
SUPERVISION OF BITUMINOUS
WORKS (IRC)
BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT LAYERS

 Sprayed or Penetration Layer Systems

 Pre-mixed Aggregate and Bitumen Mixtures
SPRAYED OR PENETRATION LAYER SYSTEMS

 Prime Coat (Clause 502)

 It is a low viscosity bituminous emulsion on
untreated absorbent base in preparation for a
bituminous course.
 Uses
 To plug the capillary voids
 To coat and bond loose materials on the surface

 To harden or toughen the surface

 To promote adhesion between the layer being primed and

the superimposed bituminous layer

 Tack Coat (Clause 503)
 It’s a low viscosity liquid bituminous binder to an
existing bituminous surface.
 Uses
 It is used to ensure a bond between the new construction
and the old surface.
 When an additional course is applied within a couple of

days on a freshly laid bituminous layer that has not been

used by traffic or on an old bituminous rich surface in warm
weather, the Tack Coat may be dispensed with.
 Liquid Seal Coat (Clause 513)
 It comprises of an application of a layer of bituminous
binder over an existing bituminous surface, followed
by a cover of stone chipping.
 Uses
 The application of Liquid Seal Coat over an existing
bituminous surface is for the purpose of sealing the voids in
the bituminous surface.
 It is an alternative of a premix seal coat.
 Bituminous Penetration Macadam (Clause 505)
 It is a compacted layer of coarse aggregates into
which bituminous binder is introduced. The binder
penetrates into the layer through the voids and binds
the stone aggregates. Key aggregates are spread on
surface and rolled so as to fill in the surface voids in
the coarse aggregate layer.
 Uses
 It is not advocated for use in heavily trafficked situations.
 It is used in the remote area where it is difficult to
transport mixing and laying equipments.
 It may be used as a temporary emergency material to repair
a pavement damaged by rain and flood.
 Built-up spray grout (Clause 506)
 It consists of two-layer composite construction of
compacted crushed coarse aggregate with application
of bituminous binder after each layer and key
aggregates on top for the second layer.
 It is similar to Penetration Macadam but with less
interlock and binder.
 Uses
 It is used only for emergency repair work and other
temporary constructions.
 Surface Dressing (Clause 510)
 A thin film of bituminous binder is sprayed onto the
road surface, covered with a layer of stone chippings
and well rolled.
 Uses
 Used for relatively lightly trafficked roads, over gravel or
other untreated road bases to reduce dust nuisance.
 To protect freshly laid WBM, WMM.

 It acts as a water-proof seal.

 To increase the skid resistance of smooth surface.

 To act as a temporary bituminous surface on newly

constructed roads so as to allow for settlements due to
traffic before costlier bituminous layers are provided.
 Fog Spray (Clause 518)
 A Fog Spray is a light application of a slow-setting
emulsion diluted with water on an existing surface.
 Uses
 To renew an old bituminous surface that has become dry
and brittle with age.
 To seal small cracks and surface voids

 To inhibit ravelling and whip-off of chippings by traffic on

newly finished surface dressing.

PRE-MIXED AGGREGATES AND BITUMEN
MIXTURES
 Bituminous Macadam (Clause 504)
 Types
 Open graded (Bituminous Macadam, BM)
 Dense graded (Dense Bituminous Macadam, DBM)

 It consists of a graded aggregate coated with

bituminous binder. The main source of strength of
mixer is from mechanical interlocking of aggregate
particles and the cohesion imparted by binder.
 Thickness varying from 50 to 100 mm.
 Voids content can be as high as 20-25%.
 Uses
 A layer of BM serves as a base/ binder course, laid
immediately after mixing on previously prepared base.
 Dense graded bituminous macadam (DBM)
(Clause 507)
 The stone aggregates are more closely graded. As a
result the mixture is more dense.
 Thickness varying from 50 to 200 mm.
 Uses
 DBM is used as a base/ binder course for pavement
subjected to heavy traffic.
 Semi-dense Bituminous Concrete (SDBC) (Clause
508)
 The SDBC is a variant of BC, the difference being a
lower binder content and the aggregate used being
less dense graded. It is laid in a single course over a
previously prepared bituminous base.
 Uses
 It is used as a binder/ wearing course on roads carrying
relatively lower traffic in terms of msa<10.
 Bituminous Concrete (BC) (Clause 509)
 Bituminous Concrete layer consists of a thoroughly
compacted dense graded bituminous mixture of very
well graded course and fine aggregates with filler and
relatively high amount of bitumen compared to DBM
and SDBC.
 Uses
 BC layer serves as a wearing course for heavily trafficked
highway, msa>10.
 Open-graded Premix Surfacing (Clause 511)
 Open graded Premix surfacing is a thin carpet. It is
generally laid to a thickness of 20 mm. A seal coat is
provided to render it less permeable to water.
 Uses
 It serves as a wearing course on lightly trafficked roads.
 For temporary improvement and maintenance.
 Close-graded Premix Surfacing/ Mix Seal
Surfacing (MSS) (Clause 512)
 It is a fairly open graded mix used as a thin carpet.
 Thickness in the range of 12-40 mm.
 It is a mix of PMC with seal coat. Construction in 1
operation.
 Uses
 It serves as a thin wearing course for lightly trafficked
roads.
 Premix Seal Coat (Clause 513)
 Premix Seal Coat is a thin application of a
bituminous course over another bituminous surface.
 Uses
 It is intended for sealing the voids in the bituminous
surface over which it is laid and is needed only for open
graded PMC.
 Mastic Asphalt (Clause 515)
 It is a mix of bitumen, mineral filler and fine
aggregate.
 Voidless compact mass.
 It flows like viscous fluid at temperature of around
200°C.
 Solidified into a dense mass on normal temperature.
 No compaction is required.
 Uses
 Wearing course for heavy duty pavement, city streets
carrying high volume of traffic, bus stops, junctions or on
bridge decks.
 Slurry Seal (Clause 516)
 It is a mixture of well graded fine aggregate, cement
filler, bituminous emulsion and additional water.
 Uses
 For preventive and corrective maintenance of aged
bituminous surfaces and surfaces with fine cracks.
 It may also be used on top of a single coat surface dressing.
 Recycling of Bituminous Pavement (Clause 517)
 In-situ recycling
 Central plant recycling
 The process can be achieved by hot-mix or cold-mix
technique.
 Uses
 Recycling of a bituminous pavement is the reuse, after some
processing, of a pavement material that has served its first
intended purpose.
 Advantage

 Reduction in excess of height of pavement

 Effective use and conservation of materials

 Economy
 Bituminous Cold Mix (Clause 519)
 It consists of unheated aggregates and emulsified or
cutback bitumen.
 Uses
 It is used in situations where hot-mix plant are not readily
available.
 In remote areas.

 For maintenance operation in high rainfall zones.

THANKS!!!
Open for discussion.