Stability and Electron Configuration

 Why most the elements in nature found as

compound?
 Because they can’t be stable if stand alone
 How they can be stable?
 They can be stable if they achieve the lowest possible
energy
 How they can?
 By bonding with the other elements and become a
stable compound
The stability of noble gas
 What elements are very stable in nature?
 All of the noble gas can stand alone in nature, it is
proof that they are very stable
 Why they become very stable?
 Because they have the stable electron configuration.
all of noble gas have eight valence electron (octet),
except He has two valence electron (duplet).
Elements Electron configuration  So, Lewis told that the
He 2
elements can achive
Ne 2,8
stability by becoming a
Ar 2,8,8
molecule, when valence
Kr 2,8,18,8
Xe 2,8,18,18,8
electron of each atom is
Rn 2,8,18,32,18,8
same with noble gas
electron configuration
Lewis dot electron sturcture
 Octet Rule
1. valence electrons are involved in bonding between
atoms so it is important to represent them in a useful
way using the electron-dot symbol
2. the symbol of the element is in the middle and stands
for ALL the core element
3. dots represents the valence electrons and are placed
around the element
4. a maximum of 2 electrons is allowed on any one side
5. unpaired electrons are represented by a single dot,
while paired electrons are represented by two dots

Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron, on a picture for the Lewis Dot Structure it has 1 dot
Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons, on a picture for the Lewis Dot Structure it has 5 dots
Neon (Ne) has a full shell (8) of valence electrons, on a picture for the Lewis Dot Structure it has
8 dots
Fajan’s rule
 The most stable ion has the same electron
configuration with noble gas
 Atoms often lose, gain or share electrons to achieve the
same duplet or octet structure of a noble gas
 Ionic charge formed is small (±1 or ± 2)
 Cation (positive ion) can formed from metal atom, and
anion (negative ion) can formed from non metal ion.
Ionic (electrovalent) Bonding
 In the idealized ionic bond,
one atom gives up an
electron to the other,
forming positive and
negative ions.
 The conditions for bonds
are that the total charge is
zero and that each atom
must have a noble gas
electron configuration.
Ionic Compound Characteristics
 Formed from metal and non metal atom
 Formed by electron transfer between the atoms
bonded that become cation and anion
 Formed by electrostatic force between cation and
anion
 Have the high boiling point
 It is the good conductor if melted or in solution
 Has low volatility
 Soluble in water and non soluble in organic solvent
Covalent bonding
 The atoms share a pair of electrons, and
that pair is referred to as a bonding pair.
 The pairs of electrons which do not
participate in the bond have
traditionally been called "lone pairs".
 The single line representation for a
bond is commonly used in drawing
Lewis structures for molecule
Covalent bonding characteristics
 Formed from nonmetal and non metal atom
 Formed by electron sharing between the atoms
bonded that become cation and anion
 Have the low boiling point
 It is the bad conductor in every shape
 Non soluble in water and soluble in organic solvent
Double Covalent Bonding
Coordinate covalent bonding
 A co-ordinate bond (also called a dative covalent
bond) is a covalent bond (a shared pair of electrons)
in which both electrons come from the same atom.
 For the example in boron trifluoride that react with
amonia molecule