Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Outputs
The graduates and/or services produced
Feedback
Information concerning the outputs or the
teaching and learning process that influences
decision making and the selection of inputs
during the next academic year
Environment
The external environment of the school
including the social, political, and economic
forces that impinge on the school’s operation
Key Elements of the School as a
Social System
Schools are social systems with the following
key parts
Structure: roles are expectations of positions
that are arranged in a hierarchy.
Individual: the individual is a key unit in any
social system; regardless of position ,people
bring with them individual needs, beliefs,
and a cognitive understandings of the job.
Culture: represents the unwritten feeling
part of the organizations ,its shared values.
Politics: informal power relations that develop
spontaneously.
Core: the teaching-learning process is the
technical core of schools.
Environment: everything outside the
organization; source of inputs.
Outputs: the products of the organizations, e. g.
educated students.
Feedback: communication that monitors
behavior.
Effectiveness: the congruence between expected
and actual outcomes.
School as a social system
School as social system (open system) –
interplay of influence of the society,
community, politics, history, administrator,
teacher, students
There’re individuals involved :teacher,
learners, administrators, students
They have needs, beliefs , dependent on the level
of cognition to have knowledge, understand tasks
and display the desired behavior
Culture - dynamic relationship of
bureaucracy, individual needs and job
environment. Share common values,
beliefs , thoughts. Give commitment, share
spirit of togetherness, respect
A school as a bureaucratic organization
a structure with many levels to undertake
duties . Each has different expectations and
roles.
Political implications - certain individuals
attempt to exercise influence, sometimes
informal and weather it comes from
legitimate authority
Environment – external sources that have
implications ,regulations, economy,
demography, technological trends. Have to
consider at moderate level for school to
function effectively
School as a social system
A social system can be formal or informal,
school have a formal process and it is an
open system where the school
consistently interacts with environment.
School as a social system uses different
resources from environment these are
human , financial, physical and
information. Human resources are staffs
and laborers, financial resources are
capital used for its operation.
School as a social system
Physical resources needed in school are
learning materials , equipment and
facilities.
Information resources in schools are the
input from education experts and school
curricula.
Transformation process occurs when
school administration coordinate various
resources to attain set objectives ,that is
better learning outcomes for all.
Transformation occurs when students
and teachers meet to fulfill the overall
school objectives. Students are molded to
become better citizens and contribute
meaningfully to the society.
A school as an social system is different
from another system because of the
transformation process. In schools the
inputs are students and the output are
graduates and meaningful citizens of the
society.
Therefor the system takes resources from
the environment, transform them
according to the need of the environment .
Thank you .