TOPICS FOR TODAY

 What is Motivation
 Theories of Motivation
 Instrumental and Integrated Orientation
 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
 The Neurobiology of Affect
 Personality types and language Acquisition
 Measuring Affect Factors
 WHAT IS MOTIVATION

Is the characteristic that helps you

achieve your goal. It is the drives that
pushes you to work hard.
It is the energy that gives you the
strength to get up and keep you going even
when things are not going your way.
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
 TWO TYPES OF THEORY

 Content Theory
 Process Theory
THE THREE DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES EMERGE

 Behavioral Perspective Motivation

 Cognitive Terms Motivation

 Constructivist view of Motivation

 BEHAVIORAL VIEW OF MOTIVATION

Behaviorist s have two concepts:

 Reward
 Incentive
Reward – an object or event supplied
as a consequence of a particular
behavior that we think is attractive.
e.g., A teacher might believe a good
grade is a reward for those who have
done their homework well.
Incentive – an object or event that actually
motivates a person’s behavior.
e.g., Students who value good grades view
grades as an incentive.
 Understanding student motivation requires
probing students’ view about what they
count as incentives and distinguishing
these from what we may think are rewards.
 COGNITIVE MOTIVATION
Intrinsic Extrinsic
 Motivation that  Comes from the
is driven by an outside of an
interest. individual

 Exist with the

individual
CONSTRUCTIVIST VIEW OF MOTIVATION
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF VIEWS OF MOTIVATION

Behavioristic Cognitive Constructivist

Anticipation of rewards Driven by basic human Social context
needs
Desire to receive (Exploration, Community
manipulation etc.)
Positive reinforcement Degree of effort Social status
expended
External, individual External, individual Security of group
forces in control forces in control External, interactive
forces in control
INSTRUMENTAL AND INTEGRATIVE ORIENTATION

. This model also identifies two types of motivational

orientation:
integrative and instrumental.

Integrative orientation is defined as “a sincere

and personal interest in the people and culture
represented by the other language group”
(Lambert, 1974, p. 98),
While instrumental orientation pertains to
the potential pragmatic gains of (L2) or
Second language proficiency, such as to get
a better job or to pass a required
examination.
INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
 INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
 Comes from within –autonomous
 Self -driven to achieve goals –learns for
the sake of learning and enjoy the process
 Can lead to a better performance and
greater satisfaction
 EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

 Comes from external source – teachers,

coaches, managers etc.
 Driven by external rewards- e.g., grades,
trophies etc.
 Lack on sincere interest can lead to a
poorer performance
 THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF AFFECT
Research in near future on the affect is likely to
enlighten our current understanding of the
physiology of the brain and its effect on human
behavior . Even more specifically, we can look
forward to verifying what we now hypothesize to be
important connections between affect and second
language acquisition.
PERSONALITY TYPES AND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
 MEASURING AFFECT FACTORS
 First , the most important issue in measuring the
affectivity is the problem of validity.
 A second related problem in the measure of affective
variables in what has been called the ‘’the self flattery’’
syndromes. (Oller , 1982, 1981b).
 Finally, test of extroversion, anxiety, motivation, and
other factors can be quite culturally ethnocentric, using
concept s and references, that are difficult to interpret
cross culturaly.
THANKS FOR LISTENING