Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Outline of Presentation
1. What is the evidence?
9000
8000
Canadian-Invented Patents
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
9000
8000
Canadian-Invented Patents
7000
45%
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
Canadian-Invented
1000 and Retained Patents
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
10000
9000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
Canadian-Invented
Canadian-Owned Patents
1000
and Retained Patents
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Canadian Invented Canadian owned Canadian invented and not foreign assigned
9000
5000
4000
3000
2000
Canadian-Invented
Canadian-Owned Patents
1000
and Retained Patents
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Canadian Invented Canadian owned Canadian invented and not foreign assigned
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
Invention Ownership
Source: Gallini-Hollis (2019)
Net Loss of IP
(Inventions minus Ownership per $100b GDP)
3441.4
893.5 783.8
433.8 317.1 312.3 259.5
9.1 4.9
Israel Canada U.K. Germany Australia Italy France South Korea Japan Sweden
-11.8 U.S.
-65.3 Netherlands
-317.5
2. Why is this occurring?
What are the incentives to
Sell vs. Scale Up?
Possible Explanations
25
20
15
10
0
72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Input 1
Application
Input 2
Application Invention
Application
Input 3
Application
Some products, like mobile phones,
involve thousands of individual patented
technologies.
OBJECTIVE
Applicatio
Input
n 1
Input 2
Application Invention
Application
Applicatio
Input
n
3
The Way Forward:
Policy Discussion
National IP Strategy
0.18
0.28
0.07
0.13
0.00
0.17 0.00
0.13
0.18 0.15 0.12
0.17
0.13 0.00
0.11 0.11 0.04
0.10
0.07
0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04
0.02
ITA
ISR
KOR
GBR
NLD
JPN
CAN
DEU
SWE
FRA
USA
AUS
The Way Forward:
Policy Discussion
National IP Strategy