Qos-

Delay (best case, worst case, avg case)

Jitter
Role of N/W admin
B.W.
Data loss (error rate)
• N/W Performance
• Ensures periodic checking of all services to
ensure availability
• System should be available (Dos attack)
• Alarm analysis- false positive and false
negative
• Problem analysis- N/W analysis (connectivity)
• Plan to Improve N/W Performance
• Upgrading and expansion
• Upgrades and expands the system hardware &
software to enable support for new features
as well as capacity enhancement
• Maintains the Database including daily log
book
• TDMA
• CDMA
• FDMA
• Mobile computing Architecture
 Chapter 1

Telephone Network
• Characteristics:
• Reliable - does what is expected of it
• Dependable - always there when you need
it (remember 911?)
• Good quality (connection) - hearing each
other well
• Reasons:
• Good planning, design, and implementation
• Good operation and management of
network

Notes•Qos- continuously monitor (B.W., )

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 Chapter 1

Telephone Network Model To other

Regional centers
Sectional centers
Regional Center Regional Center Primary centers
Class 1 switch Class 1 switch Toll centers
End offices

To other
Sectional Center Sectional Center Primary centers
Class 2 switch Class 2 switch Toll centers
End offices

Primary Center Primary Center To other

Class 3 switch Class 3 switch Class 4 toll points
End offices

Toll Center Toll Center

Class 4 switch Class 4 switch

End Office End Office

Class 5 switch Class 5 switch
Legend:
Loop
Direct Trunk
Toll-Connecting Trunk
Toll Trunk
Voice Voice

Figure 1.1 Telephone Network Model

Notes
• Notice the hierarchy of switches
• Primary and secondary routes programmed
• Automatic routing
• Where is the most likely failure?
• Use of Operations Systems to ensure QoS
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© Mani Subramanian 2000
 Chapter 1

Operations Systems / NOC

• Monitor telephone network parameters
• S/N ratio, transmission loss, call blockage, etc.
• Real-time management of network
• Trunk (logical entity between switches) maintenance
system measures loss and S/N. Trunks not meeting
QoS are removed before customer notices poor
quality
• Traffic measurement systems measure call blockage.
Additional switch planned to keep the call blockage
below acceptable level
• Operations systems are distributed at central offices
• Network management done centrally from Network
Operations Center (NOC)
Notes

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© Mani Subramanian 2000
• EN
• IN
• User Interface
• Analog
• Digital
• Mode of Data Transmission-
• Circuit switching, packet (fragmented), message
(for large message, stored in system then retrieved)