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Inverted subjects and verbs: What are they?
• Invert means to change the position of two things.
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Inverted subjects and verbs: What are they?
There are several cases when we invert the subject
and verb of a sentence. That is, the subject and
verb (or subject and helping verb) change
places. This happens…
• When we make a question
• When the sentence starts with a place
expression (sometimes)
• When the sentence begins with certain negative
expressions
• When we use a conditional without the word if
The students all passed the test. (with another verb—not “be”)
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We don’t invert the subject and verb when the verb is telling what
happened, and the preposition phrase just gives more information
about where it happened.
On the desk, the mayor had placed a photograph of his family.
In every classroom, you will find a map and a globe.
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Inverted subjects and verbs: Negatives
When a sentence begins with certain negative and almost-
negative expressions, we invert the subject and verb.
Never had she seen such noisy children. (Subject = she)
Only once will we make this offer. (Subject = we)
Seldom was he as happy as at that moment. (Subject =
he)
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Inverted subjects and verbs: Negatives
These negative and almost-negative words at the beginning of a
sentence cause the subject and verb to change positions:
no neither hardly rarely
not nor only scarcely
Never barely seldom
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Inverted subjects and verbs: Conditionals
However, we can sometimes make conditionals in another way. If the
conditional clause has the helping verbs had, were, or should (but not
others), we can omit if and invert the subject and verb:
The meeting would have ended sooner [if the chairman hadn’t
talked so long].
The meeting would have ended sooner [had the chairman not
talked so long]. (Don’t say: …hadn’t the chairman talked so long)
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Inverted subjects and verbs: Conditionals
In conditionals that don’t have the helping verbs had, were, or
should, we can’t omit if and invert the subject and verb.
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Summary
In this section, you have learned about these things:
We can invert the subject and verb:
• When we make a question
• When the sentence starts with a place expression
(sometimes)
• When the sentence begins with certain negative
words
• When we use a conditional without the word “if”
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Rewrite the following sentences, putting
the adverb first and inverting the subject
and verb.
1.I have seldom heard such a beautiful
voice.
2.He had hardly sat down for dinner
when someone knocked at the door.
3.I have never heard such utter
nonsense.
4.They not only looted the shop, but also
set fire to it.
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1. Seldom have I heard such a beautiful
voice.
2. Hardly had he sat down for dinner
when someone knocked at the door.
3. Never have I heard such utter
nonsense.
4. Not only did they loot the shop, but
also set fire to it.
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