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Contents
 Why artificial intelligence?
 What is artificial intelligence?
 Schematic representation for the
component of artificial intelligence
 History of a.i.
 Classification of a.i.
 Uses of artificial intelligence
 Future of a.i.
 conclusion

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 Why Artificial Intelligence?
"AI can have two purposes. One is to use the power
of computers to augment human thinking, just as
we use motors to augment human or horse power.
Robotics and expert systems are major branches
of that. The other is to use a computer's
artificial intelligence to understand how humans
think. In a humanoid way. If you test your
programs not merely by what they can accomplish,
but how they accomplish it, they you're really
doing cognitive science; you're using AI to
understand the human mind."
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What is Artificial Intelligence?
 It is the science and engineering of making
intelligent machines, especially intelligent
computer programs. It is related to the
similar task of using computers to
understand human intelligence.

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Different definitions due to different criteria
Two dimensions
Thought processes/reasoning vs. behavior/action
Success according to human standards vs. success
according to an ideal concept of intelligence: rationality.

Systems that think like Systems that think

humans rationally

Systems that act like Systems that act

humans rationally

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Intelligence is the computational part of the ability to
achieve goals in the world. Varying kinds and degrees
of intelligence occur in people, many animals and
some machines.

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The people, procedures, hardware, software, data,
and knowledge needed to develop computer
systems and machines that demonstrate the
characteristics of intelligence.

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 History of Artificial Intelligence
• The first term of Artificial Intelligence was first applied in
1956 by John McCarthy during the Dartmouth Conference.

• The Dartmouth Conference was the first gathering of all

researchers to develop and focus on applying intelligence
to computers.

• Logic Theorist was considered the first AI program. (In

1956)
• Logical Theorist embodied the problem as a tree model, in
which the program would attempt to choose the branch
that would lead to the correct answer.
 Classifications of AI
 Classified by design

 Symbolic AI – Designers explicitly program all of the AI

“knowledge.”
 Connectionist AI – Designers “teach” an artificial
neural network what the AI needs to “know.”
 Evolutionary AI – Designers give the AI the ability to
refine itself.

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 Symbolic AI
 AI which have “knowledge” explicitly written into the
AI’s coding.
 Uses symbols, variables, to perform it’s work.
 Strength:
 Working with logical problems.
 Weakness:
 Working with imperfect data.

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 Connectionist AI
 Designed to be a network of connected simulated
neurons.
 Similar to a natural mind.
 “Taught” by a series of adjustments.
 Strength:
 Working with imperfect data.
 Weakness:
 Working with logical problems.

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 Evolutionary AI
 Designed to be able to modify themselves.

 The AI will constantly try to improve its efficiency by

testing a modified version against an unmodified
version.

 Whichever has the best efficiency is the one that is

used from then on.

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Uses of Artificial Intelligence
Topics
 Robotics
 Medical
 Video games
 Expert System
 Natural Language
 Speech Reconization
 Computer Vision
Robotics
 Data Mining
 A application that allows to the computer to learn from
its environment
 Eg. Smart Cars, self-parking cars can parallel park
themselves with out hitting any other objects around it.

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Medical
 Diagnostic programs
 Doctors input the symptoms of the patience and the AI
helps decide what medications are best.
 Disease symptoms
 Medical history
 Test results of a patient

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Video Games
 AI
 What you do in the game will determine how the
computer reacts
 Ex. An enemy see’s your character, the computer’s
reaction is to attack your character.

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Future of AI

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 Conclusion
 In it’s short existence, AI has increased
understanding of the nature of intelligence and
provided an impressive array of application in a
wide range of areas. It has sharpened
understanding of human reasoning, and of the
nature of intelligence in general. At the same
time, it has revealed the complexity of modeling
human reasoning providing new areas and rich
challenges for the future.

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