Methods

1.Test-retest
2.Parallel Forms
3.Split-Half
4.Internal consistency
 Factors That Influence
(Mehrens & Lehmann, 1991; Sattler, 2001

1.Test length
2.Speed
3.Group homogeneity
4.Item difficulty
5.Objectivity
6.Variation with the testing
situation
Administer the same test to the same
test respondents on two separate
occasions

The same measuring instrument is

administered twice to the same group of
students. In this way correlation
coefficient is determined.
Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the
Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results: Bland
and Altman (1986).
•the same experimental tools
•the same observer
•the same measuring instrument
•used under the same conditions
•the same location
•repetition over a short period of time
•same objectives
 Limitation
(Measurement and Evaluation, 3rd Edition,
Laurentina P. Calmorin, 2004)

1.Time Interval
• Short
• Long

2.Varying Environment
• Noise
• Temperature
• Lighting
 Issues
1. Requires twice the data
collection
2.Population for the test would
need to be willing to repeat the
test
3.Higher costs due to multiple
tests being administered
Is a statistical tool used to
measure the relationship
between paired ranks assigned
to individual score on two
variables, X and Y.
 6 ∑D 2
rs = 1 -
N 3 -N
rs = Spearman rho
∑D2 = Sum of the squared difference
between ranks
N = Total number of cases
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2

TOTAL
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
TOTAL
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 90
2 43
3 84
4 86
5 55
6 77
7 84
8 91
9 40
10 75
11 86
12 89
13 48
14 77
TOTAL
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 90 70
2 43 31
3 84 79
4 86 70
5 55 43
6 77 70
7 84 75
8 91 88
9 40 31
10 75 70
11 86 80
12 89 75
13 48 30
14 77 43
TOTAL
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 90 70 2.0
2 43 31 13.0
3 84 79 6.5
4 86 70 4.5
5 55 43 11.0
6 77 70 8.5
7 84 75 6.5
8 91 88 1.0
9 40 31 14.0
10 75 70 10.0
11 86 80 4.5
12 89 75 3.0
13 48 30 12.0
14 77 43 8.5
TOTAL
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 90 70 2.0 7.5
2 43 31 13.0 12.5
3 84 79 6.5 3.0
4 86 70 4.5 7.5
5 55 43 11.0 10.5
6 77 70 8.5 7.5
7 84 75 6.5 4.5
8 91 88 1.0 1.0
9 40 31 14.0 12.5
10 75 70 10.0 7.5
11 86 80 4.5 2.0
12 89 75 3.0 4.5
13 48 30 12.0 14.0
14 77 43 8.5 10.5
TOTAL
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 90 70 2.0 7.5 -5.5
2 43 31 13.0 12.5 0.5
3 84 79 6.5 3.0 3.5
4 86 70 4.5 7.5 -3.0
5 55 43 11.0 10.5 0.5
6 77 70 8.5 7.5 1.0
7 84 75 6.5 4.5 2.0
8 91 88 1.0 1.0 0.0
9 40 31 14.0 12.5 1.5
10 75 70 10.0 7.5 2.5
11 86 80 4.5 2.0 2.5
12 89 75 3.0 4.5 -1.5
13 48 30 12.0 14.0 2.0
14 77 43 8.5 10.5 -2.5
TOTAL
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 90 70 2.0 7.5 -5.5 30.25
2 43 31 13.0 12.5 0.5 0.25
3 84 79 6.5 3.0 3.5 12.25
4 86 70 4.5 7.5 -3.0 9.00
5 55 43 11.0 10.5 0.5 0.25
6 77 70 8.5 7.5 1.0 1.00
7 84 75 6.5 4.5 2.0 4.00
8 91 88 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.00
9 40 31 14.0 12.5 1.5 2.25
10 75 70 10.0 7.5 2.5 6.25
11 86 80 4.5 2.0 2.5 6.25
12 89 75 3.0 4.5 -1.5 2.25
13 48 30 12.0 14.0 2.0 4.00
14 77 43 8.5 10.5 -2.5 4.00
TOTAL
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 90 70 2.0 7.5 -5.5 30.25
2 43 31 13.0 12.5 0.5 0.25
3 84 79 6.5 3.0 3.5 12.25
4 86 70 4.5 7.5 -3.0 9.00
5 55 43 11.0 10.5 0.5 0.25
6 77 70 8.5 7.5 1.0 1.00
7 84 75 6.5 4.5 2.0 4.00
8 91 88 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.00
9 40 31 14.0 12.5 1.5 2.25
10 75 70 10.0 7.5 2.5 6.25
11 86 80 4.5 2.0 2.5 6.25
12 89 75 3.0 4.5 -1.5 2.25
13 48 30 12.0 14.0 2.0 4.00
14 77 43 8.5 10.5 -2.5 4.00
TOTAL ∑D2 = 82.00
 6 ∑D2
rs = 1 -
N3 - N

6 ( 82)
rs = 1 -
143 - 14
rs = 1 – 0.1802197802
492
rs = 1 -
2744 - 14 rs = 0.82
492
rs = 1 -
2730
 Interpretation of Correlation
Coefficient Value
(Measurement and Evaluation, 3rd Edition,
Laurentina P. Calmorin, 2004)

0.00 to ± 0.20 – Negligible correlation

0.21 to ± 0.40 – Low/Slight correlation
0.41 to ± 0.70 – Moderate Relationship
0.71 to ± 0.90 – High Relationship
0.91 to ± 0.99 – Very High Relationship
± 1.00 – Perfect correlation
 6 ∑D2
rs = 1 -
N3 - N

6 ( 82)
rs = 1 -
143 - 14
rs = 1 – 0.1802197802
492
rs = 1 -
2744 - 14 rs = 0.82
High Relationship
492
rs = 1 -
2730
 Interpretation
The following guidelines can be used:
(Study.com)

•0.9 and greater: Excellent reliability

•Between 0.9 and 0.8: Good reliability
•Between 0.8 and 0.7: Acceptable reliability
•Between 0.7 and 0.6: Questionable reliability
•Between 0.6 and 0.5: Poor reliability
•Less than 0.5: Unacceptable reliability
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 28 29
2 83 83
3 44 45
4 77 49
5 80 79
6 95 95
7 88 87
8 45 45
9 83 84
10 79 80
11 82 83
12 25 25
13 77 79
14 38 39
15 70 72
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 28 29 14
2 83 83 3.5
3 44 45 12
4 77 49 8.5
5 80 79 6
6 95 95 1
7 88 87 2
8 45 45 11
9 83 84 3.5
10 79 80 7
11 82 83 5
12 25 25 15
13 77 79 8.5
14 38 39 13
15 70 72 10
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 28 29 14 14
2 83 83 3.5 4.5
3 44 45 12 11.5
4 77 49 8.5 10
5 80 79 6 7.5
6 95 95 1 1
7 88 87 2 2
8 45 45 11 11.5
9 83 84 3.5 3
10 79 80 7 6
11 82 83 5 4.5
12 25 25 15 15
13 77 79 8.5 7.5
14 38 39 13 13
15 70 72 10 9
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 28 29 14 14 0
2 83 83 3.5 4.5 1
3 44 45 12 11.5 0.5
4 77 49 8.5 10 1.5
5 80 79 6 7.5 1.5
6 95 95 1 1 0
7 88 87 2 2 0
8 45 45 11 11.5 0.5
9 83 84 3.5 3 0.5
10 79 80 7 6 1
11 82 83 5 4.5 0.5
12 25 25 15 15 0
13 77 79 8.5 7.5 1
14 38 39 13 13 0
15 70 72 10 9 1
Students X Y Rx Ry D D2
1 28 29 14 14 0 0
2 83 83 3.5 4.5 1 1
3 44 45 12 11.5 0.5 0.25
4 77 49 8.5 10 1.5 2.25
5 80 79 6 7.5 1.5 2.25
6 95 95 1 1 0 0
7 88 87 2 2 0 0
8 45 45 11 11.5 0.5 0.25
9 83 84 3.5 3 0.5 0.25
10 79 80 7 6 1 1
11 82 83 5 4.5 0.5 0.25
12 25 25 15 15 0 0
13 77 79 8.5 7.5 1 1
14 38 39 13 13 0 0
15 70 72 10 9 1 1