Nature of Knowledge

CHAPTER 2 LESSON 2
 Types of Statements
2

Analytic Empirical
Statements Statements

Evaluative
Statements

SS03-1 Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person

 What’s the difference between sentences and
statements?
3

The concepts
we put
together are
expressed using
sentences

• Declarative
4 types of • Imperative
sentences • Interrogative
• Exclamatory

SS03-1 Introduction to the Philosophy of the

Human Person
 Some sentences have no truth value!
4

 ‘What time is it?’

 ‘Ouch!’
 There is no claim being made about the world.
 Thus, it would be nonsensical to include an
issue about their truth or falsity.

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 It is the statement expressed through the

declarative sentence that has the element of
truth and falsity.
 ‘It is 10:30’
 ‘Romeo loves Juliet’
 A knowledge claim is being made.

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Human Person
 Types of Statements
6

Analytic • The truth or falsity of the

knowledge claim can be found
Statement within the statement itself.

Empirical • The truth or falsity of the statement

depends upon the state of affairs
Statement being claimed.

• Truth or falsity depends upon the

Evaluative beliefs of the evaluator

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Human Person
 Analytic Statements
7

 Example: ‘A bachelor is an unmarried man of

marriable age.’
 The truth value can be found within the
statement.
 Consider this example: ‘A bachelor is not an
unmarried man of marriable age’
 This statement will lead to absurdity and
contradiction because you would be denying
its definition.

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Human Person
 Tautology
9

 a statement that is true by necessity or by virtue

of its logical form
 ‘No bachelor has a mother-in-law’
 ‘It is always either raining or not raining’
 ‘A kitten is young cat’

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Human Person
 Empirical Statements
10

 Truth or falsity rests on its correspondence with

facts or with the state of affairs claimed.
 ‘The sky is blue’
 ^ example of empirical statement
 You have to go outside the statement

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Human Person
 Activity! 
17

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1. The puppy is on the bed

2. A puppy is a young dog
3. A sheep is a wool-bearing animal
4. Stealing is wrong
5. Water is composed of 2 atoms of hydrogen
and one atom of oxygen
6. In logic, any statement (P) will always imply
itself such that: P implies P.
7. Honesty is the best policy

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8. There are 485 potholes on the other side of the

moon
9. Sky flakes has 56 holes in it.
10. My sheep does not bear wool.
11. Malayan Colleges Laguna is the # private
school in Laguna according to finduniversity.com
12. The snow is white if and only if the snow is
white.
13. My bedroom is blue.

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14. Ms. Santiago is the best science teacher in

the SHS Department.
15. She is either a girl or not a girl
16. The best things in life are free.
17. The exam was easy.
18. I have a ten peso coin in my pocket.
19. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
20. Extrajudicial killing is right.

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21. The time now is 8:15 am

22. I am officially enrolled in MCL.
23. It is raining outside.
24. We will either watch the movie or not watch
the movie.

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Human Person