A REPORT BY: ADRIAN LLOYD

INOT AND MC RALF POLE

KATIPUNAN
CUSTOMS OF THE TAGALOGS
•DEFINITION
KATIPUNAN –OF TERMS
planned and initatied the revolution
against the Spanish regime
- Also known as Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang, Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan (KKK)

• MAGDALO – a faction of the Katipunan in Cavite, mostly

led by Ilustrados
• MAGDIWANG – a faction of Katipunan in Cavite; initially
backed Andres Bonifacio
 • The Magdiwang and Magdalo troops were “rivals”,
and the Supremo, Andres Bonifacio, set an
assembly at Noveleta.
• They tackled the major issue: kind of government
they want and how it should be established

“KATIPUNAN WAS UNITED IN ITS RESPECT FOR UNIVERSAL

BROTHERHOOD AND EQUALITY OF MEN”
-Andres bonifacio
• There was an election for the positions: president,
vice president, minister of finance, minister of
welfare, minister of justice, and captain general

“the candidate who would get the most number of votes for each
position should be the winner, no matter what the station in life or
his education attainment”
-Andres bonifacio
 • President – Emilio Aguinaldo
• Vice President – Mariano Trias
• Secretary of War – Emiliano de Dios
• Captain General – General Vibora
• Secretary of Interior – Andres Bonifacio

“my brethren, the office of secretary of the interior is of so great a

scope and of such sensitivity that we should not untrust it to one
who is not a lawyer. One among us here is a lawyer, he is mr. jose
del Rosario. Let us consider the choice for the last position, for he
has credentials to show attesting to any educational attainment”
-Daniel tirona
• Since Mr. Tirona violated/disrespected the wishes (votes)
of the majority, as Supremo, Andres Bonifacio declared
that all matters approved in the assembly null and void.

• Magdalo President, Baldomero Aguinaldo (brother of

Emilio Aguinaldo), requested a meeting to revalidate and
continue the proceedings of the election meeting

• None from the Magdalo leaders came;

• There was a rumor that from that same night, the Magdalo
leaders were currently holding their own meeting;
• There were spies who revealed that there was indeed a meeting,
those elected, except Andres Bonifacio, knelt before a crucifix
and in the name of the Holy Father, solemnly took their office
• The Spaniards came, and due to an unfavorable
situation, Andres Bonifacio initaiated a tactical
retreat to their fortifications
• While the Spaniards were resting, the katipunan
bands harassed them with potshots
• Anticipating that the Spaniards will try to penetrate
the next town, Dalahikan, General Apoy ordered
the troops to pull out and transfer to another fort
• Attempts were made by the Supremo to retake
Noveleta; but all these were unsuccessful
• Situation was unfavorable, too, since there were
fresh Spanish reinforcements began arriving in
great numbers
• DATO – chiefs who govern people and captains
during wars
• BARANGAY – tribal gathering, originating from a
family, relations, and slaves
• CASTES: nobles, commoners, and slaves

• The lands they inhabit were divided

• No one belonging to another
barangay will cultivate the lands on
tingues (ridges)
• They also owned fisheries, no one
could fish or trade without paying for
the privilege
• MAHARLICAS – free people
• Did not pay taxes to the dato, accompanies the dato during war at their own expense
• Cannot move from one village to another without paying a certain gold; Failure to pay the fine
can result in war between the barangays
Except when one married a woman from another village: the children are equally divided
between the two barangays

• ALIPING NAMAMAHAY – commoners

• Married and served their masters with half of their cultivated land as agreed
• Live in their own houses, and lords of their own property and gold, and their children inherit it
• Their children cannot be made slaves, nor can be sold

• ALIPING SA GUIGUILIR – slaves

• Serve their masters in his house and on his cultivated lands
• They may be sold
• Through war, they may ransom themselves when they possess any gold beyond the sum that he
had to give his master to become an aliping namamahay
• If maharlicas had children among their slaves: The
children and their mothers become free

• If one of them had children by the slave woman of another:

She was compelled to give her master half of a gold tael
and half of the child is free (If the father does not supply
the child with food, it signifies that he does not recognize
the child as his, then, the child is wholly a slave)

• If a free woman had children by a slave: they were all free

(provided that he was not his husband)
• During marriage, if one was a maharlica and the
other a slave, regardless whether a namamahay or
sa guiguilir: the children were divided
• first, third, and fifth belonged to the father; second,
fourth, and sixth with the mother
• If the father was a free man, the children are free; if the father is
a slave, the children were slaves
• Barangays had laws in which they condemn a man of
low birth to death
• They condemn a man to slavery when he merits death
penalty
• Witches were killed, and their children and
accomplices becomes slaves of the chief
• Other offenses were fined with gold:
• if not paid, half of the cultivated lands and all their produce
belonged to the master while the master provide them with
food and clothing (which they should also pay for) – this way,
the culprit and his children are enslaved until they have the
chance to pay the debt or else they remain slaves
• if paid by a relative/friend, the debtor is obliged to render
the latter half of his service to until he was paid as aliping
namamahay (the service rendered in the house of the payor
(aliping sa guiguilir was not counted) – if not, the debtor has
to pay double of what was lent
• If legitimate children: they inherit equally

• If one had children by two or more legitimate

wives: each child received inheritance and dowry
of their mother and a share of their father’s estate

• If one had a child with a slave as well as legitimate

children: the former has no inheritance but the
legitimate children should free the mother and give
her child something, may it be a tael or a slave with
the unanimous consent of all
• If one had legitimate children and sons with a free, unmarried
woman: they will be classed as natural children because the
woman was given a dowry (but she is still not considered as a
real wife), and only inherit a third part of the inheritance

• If there are no children with the legitimate wife but only

children with an unmarried woman (inaasaya): the unmarried
woman inherits everything

• If there are no children with the legitimate wife but has a child
with a slave: the child inherits everything

• If there were no legitimate nor natural children, or child with an

inaasaya, whether there was a son of a slave woman: the
inheritance went only to the father, grandparents, brothers, or
nearest relative of the deceased
• If the child is by a free, unmarried woman, born
while she was married: the husband punishing the
adulterer is considered a dowry; the inheritance
will be equal to the part left by the father, nothing
more

• If the husband did not punish the adulterer: the

child is not considered his and thus will he inherit
nothing

*it should be noted that the punishment of the father

makes the child fittingly legitimate*
• If the children are adopted: they inherit twice of
what was paid for their adoption

• If the wife divorces the husband to marry another

and the children are not yet borne: all her dowry
and an additional amount should be paid to the
husband

• If the wife divorces the husband and does not

marry another: the dowry is returned
• If the husband divorces the wife: he loses half of
the dowry and the other half returned to him

• If the husband divorces the wife with their children:

the whole dowry and fine went to the children

*unmarried women can own no property, in land or

dowry, for the result of their labor accrues to their
parents*
• If children are married: there is a contract made
and the one who violates the contract shall pay a
certain sum

• If the girl refuses to marry upon the death of

parents: the dowry received will be returned

• If the girl refuses to marry but the parents are still

living: the parents should pay the fine

*dowries are bestowed by fathers upon their sons

when they are about to be married*
WORSHIP OF THE TAGALOGS
• They practice idolatry – practice of sacrifices,
adoration of idols, etc
• Simbahan – temple or place for adoration
• Pandot – festival
• Sibi – roof of their temple to protect people from
the wet when it rained
• Sorihile – small lamps on the posts
• The celebration usually lasts for four days with drums
they beat successively
• If it is a celebration by a person of rank, it lasts for thirty days

• The worship is called nagaanitos inside the house

(temple)

• They worship Bathala, who is signified as the “all

powerful” or “maker of all things”

• They also worshipped the sun, the moon (especially

when it is new), and stars (they call
morning star Tala)
• Lic ha – images of their idols in many shapes

• Dian mansalata – another idol; patron of lovers and

of generation

• Lacapati and Idianale – patrons of the cultivated

lands and husbandry

• Buaya – water lizards they pay reverence from the

fear of being harmed by them; they offer these
animals a portion of what they carry in their boats
or place it upon the bank
• They also believed in auguries:
• If they hear a bird called tigmamanuguin singing in the
tree or if anyone sneezed, they returned to their house
considering the augury that some evil might befall
should they continue on their journey

• They had no establishment of time; they determine

it by the cultivation of soil, counted by moons,
different effect by trees when yielding flowers,
fruits, and leaves
• They offer a sacrifice and adoration for the
recovery of the sick, a prosperous voyage, a good
harvest, a propitious result in wars, successful
childbirth, and a happy outcome in marriage.

• There are different priests of the devil:

1) catolonan can be either a man or a woman and held ordinarily
by people of rank

2) mangagauay or witches who deceived by pretending to heal

the sick

3) Manysiolat had the power to apply remedies to lovers that

they would abandon or despise their wives

4) Mancocolam has the duty to emit fire from himself at night

which could not be extinguished

5) Hocloban does not need to use medicine, can simply raise a

hand and killed whom they chose
6) Silagan can tear out the liver of anyone wearing
white and then eat it

7) Magtatangal shows himself at night to many persons

without his head or entrails

8) Osuang is equivalent to a sorcerer, and can fly

9) Mangangayoma made charms for lovers out of herbs,

stones, and wood which would infuse the heart with
love

10)Sonai is equivalent to preacher; helps one to die