The Amor

Apuya
Blanco

impacts Callo
salor

of
Tourism
And
Hospitality
economi cultural
c
social environmenta
l
economi
c POSITIVE
EFFECTS
• income
• employment
• balance of payments
• investment and
development
 incom
• e
countries use the tourism and
hospitality industry to generate
income faster
- countries that made most income from international
tourists in 2017
- U.S.
- Spain
- France
• tourism income greatly comes from
 incom
e
• two types of taxation:
- direct taxation
- indirect taxation
 employmen
• thet industry created
238,277,000
million jobs in 2008 according to
World Travel and Tourism Council
• the industry is a key to job
creation; range of career
opportunities
• three types of employment:
- direct employment
 balance of
• payments
accounting flow of goods
and
services in and out of a country
over a period of given time
• the record of all transactions
between residents of a country and
foreign residents
• deficit
• surplus
 investment and
development
• if a country is economically
successful, business people may
invest in the tourism industry
economic
negative
effects
• inflation and land
values
• high leakages
• seasonality
• overdependence
 inflation and land
values
• prices of goods and services
fluctuate; go higher
• land values: additional demand for
land; increased land values
 high leakages
• the revenue lost to other
countries / companies
• three sources:
- cost of goods and services
- remittance of profits and wages
to outside sources
- expenditure for promotion and
publicity
 seasonality

• the seasonality of demand is

reflected in a hotel occupancy
• reduced revenues during off season
 overdependence on
tourism and
hospitality industry
• businesses are becoming too
dependent on the industry; without
it, most businesses would struggle
 Social
host-visitor
interactions
• Explorer – active participant
observer among the population
• Elite – can afford to pay well
for unusual vacations
• Offbeat – simple accommodations
• Unusual tourist – sub-exotic
 Social
host-visitor
interactions
• Incipient mass tourist– pleasure
seeker and business traveler
• Mass tourist – comes from middle
class; arrives in a destination
with other tourists
• Charter tourist – high amount of
business and a high degree of
 Social
positive
• socialeffects
change and multicultural
understanding
• adaptation and improvement
• use of foreign language
• improved health conditions and
health control
 Social
negative
• socialeffects
saturation
• changes in the social structure,
behavior and roles
• community problems
• negative demonstrative effects
 cultural
• Acculturation – changes
that occur in a culture
through borrowing from
other cultures
• Cultural convergence –
tendency of world cultures
cultural
positive
effects
•intercultural
communication
•renaissance of native
culture
 cultural

Intercultural communication
 cultural

Renaissance of native culture

 cultural
negative
effects
•commodification
•Standardization
•Loss of authenticity and
staged authenticity
•Adaptation to tourist
 environmental

The environment has

contributed to the birth and
progress of tourism and
hospitality industry.
environmental
positive
effects
•conservation
•development of
attractions
 environmental
negative effects
They include the depletion of local natural resources as
well as pollution and waste problems. Eco-tourism offers
a great alternative.
•Environmental
conflicts
•Geological
conflicts
– end
–