PRESENTED BY:

Himanshu Nainpuriya
ID :-2015UEC1662
CONTENTS:

1. INTRODUCTION
2. RAILWAY SIGNALING
3. RAILNET
4. PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEM
5. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR RAILWAYS
6. DATA LOGGER
1. INTRODUCTION :

 Founded in 16 april,1853.
 First train between Mumbai to Thane.
 Headquarter is in new Delhi, India.
 Revenue is 1.874 trillion INC.
 About 1.4 million employees.
 17 railway zones, further sub-divided into divisions.
 2. RAILWAY SIGNALING:

 A signal is a mechanical or
electrical device erected besides
are railway line to pass
information relating to the state
of the line ahead to train.
 It safely direct railway traffic in
order to prevent trains from
colliding.
 Signalling includes signals,
points, blocks and other
equipment
TYPES OF SIGNAL:

 BLOCK SIGNAL
 TRAIN DETECTION
 FIXED SIGNAL
 MECHANICAL SIGNAL
 COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL
 CAB SIGNAL
Now a days Indian railways is using Multiple Aspect Color Light
Signaling.

The train is controlled based on the aspects indicated.

 3. RAILNET

 A network run by the Indian Railway for its customer service purpose.
 Passengers can access Railnet through internet
 Info about train schedule, ticketing, reservation, train running status
etc.

RAILNET

PRS UTS IVRS

PASSENGER UNRESERVED INTERACTIVE
P.A. SYSTEM
RESERVATION TICKETING VOICE RESPONSE
SYSTEM SERVICE SYSTEM
PRS - Passenger Reservation System

 A nationwide online passenger reservation and ticketing

system
 Developed and maintained by CRIS
 Based on the CONCERT architecture
 Berth/Seat availability, Passenger Status, Fare, Train
Schedule etc.

 Only five server in India-

New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai, Sikandrabad
RAILWAY PASSENGER RESERVATION SYSTEM AND ITS FUNCTIONS
UTS - Unreserved ticketing system
 Printing, accounting and issuing unreserved tickets/seats
 Client Based UTS system, implemented in several locations
 Uses centralized database to manage ticketing
 Used for short distance travelling
 System remains open for 24 x 7

PAS – Public Address System

 Announcements of train arrivals, departure, delays, etc.
 preprogrammed messages
 stored on data voice recorders on stations along the tracks
 IVRS- Interactive Voice Response System
 An arrangement of computer system and telephone set.
 Interaction between the telephone and computer are done, resulting into the
form of voice.
 In Railways, it is used in “Online Train Information System” & “Passenger
Reservation Enquiry System”.
 4. PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEM (IPIS)

 Covers technical requirement of PC based

announcement system
 Provides audio and visual information to passengers
 Electronic LED display boards, speakers, TV displays
etc.
 Major components- Server, CCU, MDCH, PDCH, Display
boards
5. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR RAILWAY

 Over head
communication
 Underground
communication
 Microwave
communication
 Optical
communication
Underground/overhead Communication
 Mostly through copper cables
 Standard cable used is 4/6 Quad cables
 Used along with OFC or without OFC

--- Comparison ---

 Communication through overhead line wires is noisier than
underground cable

 Numbers of ckts. are working through a bundle of wires of

the underground cable that is not possible through limited
number of overhead line wires.
 Microwave Communication:
 Technology of transmitting information or energy by the use
of microwaves

 Wavelengths are in centimeters(1cm-30cm)

 Radio spectrum ranges across frequencies of roughly 1.0 GHz to

30 GHz.

 It is known as a form of “line of sight” communication.

 Can be analog or digital.

Applications of microwaves in Indian Railways

 Controlling of trains.

 To give correct running and stopping information of trains.

 It helps the railway staff to communicate for this purpose.

 Stations on an average distance of 40 Km can

communicate through microwaves
 Optical fiber communication:

 Optical fiber communication is a method of transmitting information from

one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical fiber. The
light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry
information.
Optical Fiber Structure
Methods for jointing of fiber optic cable

 There are two methods for jointing Optical fiber cable

1. SPLICING
2. USING CONNECTORS
 The splicing is further divided into two methods
1. Mechanical Splicing
2. Fusion Splicing
 Splicing is the process of connecting two bare fibres
directly without any connectors.
 Splicing provide much lower insertion loss compared to
fiber
USE OF OFC IN RAILWAYS :

 To optimize train scheduling.

 Traffic light monitoring.
 For linking of telephone exchanges.
 Control communication.
 Signaling application for safe transmission.
 In data transmission circuits.
6. DATA LOGGER
 A Microcontroller based Device, used to store digital data for
Failure analysis.

 No power supply required.

 Plugged into parallel, serial or USB port on our PC.

 It has a battery backed memory.

 Monitors the railway signaling system by monitoring the status

of relays and data generated by processor based signaling
equipment.

 Data Logger also monitors power supplies.

Data Logging