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MARKETING
MANAGEMENT
Chapter 1: Marketing Function
NEELA MULTANI
WHAT IS MARKETING?
Marketing is identifying and meeting human and social
needs.
In short, marketing is “meeting needs profitably.”
Philip Kotlar, a pioneer in marketing, defined marketing
as: “Marketing is a social and managerial process by which
individuals and groups obtain what they need and want
through creating and exchanging products and value with
others.”
Events e.g. world cup, Olympics
Experiences e.g. amusement park, water park
Persons e.g. celebrity marketing
Places e.g. incredible India campaign
Properties e.g. real estate
Ideas e.g. AIDS awareness, discourage smoking
ENGINEERS IN MARKETING
Technical backgrounds
Real understanding of the properties of the
product
Understand the realities of production and
design on the product
Helps in deciding pricing strategy
CHARACTERISTICS / FEATURES OF
MARKETING
Operational
Customeroriented
Overall business philosophy
Longterm survival
Mutual benefits
Business objective
CORE MARKETING CONCEPTS
To understand the marketing function, we need
to understand the following core set of concepts.
1. Needs, Wants, and Demands
2. Target Markets, Positioning, and Segmentation
3. Offerings and Brands
4. Value and Satisfaction
5. Marketing Channels
6. Supply Chain
7. Competition
8. Marketing Environment
NEEDS, WANTS AND DEMANDS
Needs are the basic human requirements. E.g.
air, food, water, clothing, shelter
E.g. Volvo for safety, Mahindra Scorpio luxury car (SUV)
OFFERING AND BRANDS
Companies address needs by putting forth a
value proposition, a set of benefits that they offer
to customers to satisfy their needs. Offering can
be a combination of products, services,
information, and experiences.
A brand is an offering from a known source.
VALUE AND SATISFACTION
The offerings will be successful if it delivers
value and satisfaction to the target buyer.
Communication channels deliver and receive messages
from target buyers. E.g., newspapers, magazines, radio,
television, mail, telephone, posters, internet.
Service channels to carry out transactions with potential
buyers. They include warehouses, transportation
companies, banks, and insurance companies.
SUPPLY CHAIN
The supply chain is a longer channel stretching
from raw materials to components to final
products that are carried to final buyers.
E.g. car manufacturer may buy from TATA steel
or Steel authority of India (SAIL) or from abroad;
or buy aluminum for certain parts to lighten the
car’s weight.
MARKETING ENVIRONMENT. . .
The marketing environment consists of the task
environment and the broad environment.
In the supplier group are material suppliers and service
suppliers, such as marketing research agencies,
advertising agencies, banking and insurance companies,
transportation companies and telecommunication
companies. Distributors and dealers include agents,
brokers, manufacturer representatives, and others who
facilitate finding and selling to customers.
. . . MARKETING ENVIRONMENT
The broad environment consist of six components.
1. Demographic environment
2. Economic environment
3. Physical environment
4. Technological environment
5. Politicallegal environment
6. Socialcultural environment
Tasks in marketing
Setting marketing objectives
Developing and implementing strategic marketing
plans
Market and environmental analysis
Conducting marketing research
. . .FUNCTIONS OF MARKETING. . .
Designing the appropriate marketing mix
The service product itself
Pricing policy
Promotion and advertising
Distribution systems
Peoplecustomer service and marketing training
delivery process.
Designing the service environment
o Marketing input in sales management
o Internal communications
o Integration with other departments
. . .FUNCTIONS OF MARKETING
To achieve organizational objectives.
The primary objective of marketing is the realization
of profit through customer satisfaction.
1. The production concept
2. The product concept
3. The selling concept
4. The marketing concept
5. The societal marketing concept
6. The holistic marketing concept
THE PRODUCTION CONCEPT
Oldest concept in business.
This concept is also useful when a company wants to expand
the market.
Managers in these organizations focus on investing
in research process, product development,
manufacturing and engineering for making
superior products and improving them over time.
Also it explains How to sell the products in markets?
Organization can attract the people or customer
through providing some offers such as coupons, sales,
0% financial charge, instalment scheme, guaranties,
warranties, sometimes provides home delivery.
THE MARKETING CONCEPT. . .
It is based on customercentered, “senseand
respond” philosophy. The goal of this concept is
to address the customer needs and wants.
Selling is preoccupied with the seller’s need to convert his
product into cash; marketing with the idea of satisfying the
needs of the customer by means of the product and the whole
cluster of things associated with creating, delivering and finally
consuming it.
The societal marketing concept calls upon marketers
to build social and ethical considerations into their
marketing practices.
. . . THE SOCIETAL MARKETING
CONCEPT
Companies following this concept reducing
demand for a company’s own products, if that is
in best interest of society.
Internal Integrated
marketing marketing
Holistic
marketing
Sales
Performance Relationship
revenue
marketing marketing
Brand &
customer
equity
Community
Customers Partners
Ethics Legal Channel
Environment
RELATIONSHIP MARKETING. . .
Relationship marketing aims to build mutually
satisfying longterm relationships with key
constitutes in order to earn and retain their
business.
Four key constitutes for relationship marketing are
customers, employees, marketing partners
(channels, suppliers, distributors, dealers,
agencies), and members of the financial community
(shareholders, investors, analysts).
The ultimate outcome of relationship marketing is a
unique company asset called a marketing network.
. . . RELATIONSHIP MARKETING
A marketing network consists of the company
and its supporting stakeholders – customers,
employees, suppliers, distributors, retailers, ad
agencies, university scientists, and others – with
whom it has built mutually profitable business
relationships.
Another goal of relationship marketing is to place
much more emphasis on customer retention.
Attracting a new customer may cost five times as
much as doing a good enough job to retain an
existing one.
INTEGRATED MARKETING
Integrated marketing, the marketer’s task is to devise marketing
activities and assemble marketing programs that maximize the ability
to create, communicate, and deliver the value of customers.
McCarthy said the marketing mix tools in terms of four Ps. Such as
Product, Price, Place, and Promotion.
Marketing mix decisions must be made for influencing the trade
channels as well as the final customers.
Marketing mix is a set of controllable tactical and represents the
seller’s view of marketing tools like product, price, place, and
promotion that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in
the target market.
The market mix consists of everything the firm can do to influence the
demand for the product. The many possibilities can be collected into
four groups of variables known as the “four Ps”.
THE 4 P’S IN
MARKETING/MARKETING MIX
The marketing mix is the set of controllable
variables that the firm can use to influence the
buyer’s response.
The product can be subdivided into quality levels,
special features, styling, branding, product range
or mix, service backup, warranty, durability
packaging.
It takes two levels. One is the various marketing functions –
sales force, advertising, customer service, product
management, marketing research –must work together and be
coordinated from the customers point of view.
It holds that the organizations tasks is to determine the needs wants and
interests of target markets and to delivers the desired satisfaction to both
consumer and society effectively than competitors.
The societal marketing concept calls upon marketers to build social and
ethical considerations into their marketing practices.
Yet a number of companies, including Ben & Jerry’s have achieved notable
sales and profit by adopting and practicing a form of the societal marketing
concept called cause –related marketing.
It is an opportunity to enhance their corporate reputation, raise brand
awareness, increase customer loyalty, build sales, and increase media
coverage.
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