PRACTICAL RESEARCH

(Qualitative Research)
NATURE OF RESEARCH
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WHAT RESEARCH IS NOT

▫ Research is not mere information gathering.
▫ Research is not mere transportation of facts from
one location to another.
▫ Research is not merely rummaging for information.
▫ Research is not a catchword used to get attention.
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WHAT RESEARCH TRULY IS

▫ It is a systematic process of collecting,

analyzing, and interpreting information (data) in
order to increase our understanding of a
phenomenon about which we are interested or
concerned.
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WHAT RESEARCH TRULY IS

▫ A process of executing various mental acts for
discovering and examining facts and
information to prove the accuracy or
truthfulness of your claims or conclusions about
the topic of your research.
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WHAT RESEARCH TRULY IS

▫ Requires you to inquire or investigate about

your chosen research topic by asking questions
in top-level thinking (interpreting, analyzing,
synthesizing, criticizing, or creating)
IMPORTANCE OF
RESEARCH
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IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
▫ Research gathers knowledge or information on
subjects or phenomena we lack or have little
knowledge about.
▫ Research corrects perceptions as well as
expands them.
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IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH

▫ Research develops and evaluates concepts,

practices and theories.
▫ Research obtains practical knowledge for
purposes like solving problems on population
explosion, drug addiction, juvenile delinquency
and the like.
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IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
▫ Research provides hard facts which serve as
bases for planning, decision-making, project-
implementation and evaluation.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
▫ ACCURACY – It must give correct or accurate
data.
▫ OBJECTIVENESS – It must deal with facts, not
with opinions arising from assumptions,
generalizations, predictions, or conclusions.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

▫ TIMELINESS – It must work on a topic that is

fresh, new, and interesting to the present
society.
▫ RELEVANCE – Its topic must be instrumental in
improving society or in solving problems
affecting the lives of people in a community.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
▫ CLARITY – It must succeed in expressing its
central point or discoveries by using simple,
direct, concise, and correct language.
▫ SYSTEMATIC – It must take place in an
organized or orderly manner.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A
SUCCESSFUL
RESEARCHER
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CHARACTERISTICS OF A RESEARCHER
▫ CURIOUS ACTIVE
▫ EFFICIENT PRACTICAL
▫ EFFECTIVE INVENTIVE
▫ LOGICAL HONEST
TYPES OF RESEARCH
based on Application of Research Method
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TYPES OF RESEARCH (Application)

▫ PURE/BASIC RESEARCH – It deals with
concepts, principles, or abstract things. This
type of research aims to increase your
knowledge about something.
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TYPES OF RESEARCH (Application)

▫ APPLIED RESEARCH – applying your chosen

research to societal problems or issues, finding
ways to make positive changes in society.
TYPES OF RESEARCH
based on the Purpose of Research
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TYPES OF RESEARCH (Purpose)

▫ DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH – aims at defining or
giving a verbal portrayal or picture of a person,
thing, event, group, situation etc.
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TYPES OF RESEARCH (Purpose)

▫ CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH – shows

relationship or connectedness of two factors,
circumstances, or agents called variables that
affect the research. This is concerned only on
the relationship, not the causes.
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TYPES OF RESEARCH (Purpose)

▫ EXPLANATORY RESEARCH – elaborates or
explain, not just the reasons behind the
relationship of two factors, but also the ways by
which such relationships exist.
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TYPES OF RESEARCH (Purpose)

▫ EXPLORATORY RESEARCH – to find more

information about a topic and to discover ideas
on topics that could the interest in conducting
research studies.
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TYPES OF RESEARCH (Purpose)

▫ ACTION RESEARCH – studies ongoing practices
in a school, organization, community, or
institution for the purpose of obtaining results
that will bring improvements in the system
TYPES OF RESEARCH
based on the Data Needed
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TYPES OF RESEARCH (Data)

▫ QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH – involves
measurement of data. Thus, it presents
research findings referring to the number of
frequency of something in numerical forms (i.e.
using percentages, numbers)
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TYPES OF RESEARCH (Data)

▫ QUALITATIVE RESEARCH – requires non-

numerical data, which means that the research
uses words rather than numbers to express the
results, the inquiry or investigation about
people’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and
lifestyles.
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TYPES OF RESEARCH (Data)

▫ QUALITATIVE RESEARCH – The opinionated

answers from respondents are not measurable.
So, verbal language is the right wat to explain
your findings in the qualitative research.
TYPES OF DATA
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TYPES OF DATA
▫ PRIMARY DATA – are obtained through direct
observation or contact with people, objects,
artifacts, paintings, etc.
▫ Primary data are new and original information
resulting from your sensory experience.
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TYPES OF DATA

▫ SECONDARY DATA – If such data have already

been written about or reported on and are
available for reading purposes.
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
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THE RESEARCH PROCESS

1. Observation and Inquiry
2. Identifying the Research Problem
3. Formulation of the General Problem Statement
4. Formulation of the Specific Problem Statements
5. Designing the Study (Design, Respondents,
Environment, etc.)
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THE RESEARCH PROCESS

6. Collecting of and Organizing Data
7. Analyzing Data
8. Interpreting Data
9. Reporting Summary of Results, Conclusion, and
Recommendations
ETHICS OF RESEARCH
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ETHICS OF RESEARCH
▫ Honesty Respect for Intellectual Property
▫ Objectivity Confidentiality
▫ Integrity Responsible Publication
▫ Carefulness Responsible Mentoring
▫ Openness Respect for Colleagues
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ETHICS OF RESEARCH

▫ Social Responsibility Legality

▫ Non-Discrimination Animal Care
▫ Competence Human Subjects
Protection
TYPES OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
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TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

▫ PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH – experienced
from the perspective of the individual; focuses on
description more than explanation.
▫ The purpose is to identify the ways perception
influences how people interact with what they
encounter.
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TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

▫ PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH
▫ Methods include interviews, conversations,
participant observation and focus meetings.
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TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

▫ ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH – strives to
understand how ethnic, cultural, and other groups
function and change over time.
▫ Ethnographers participate in observing and
documenting the experience of the subject
community.
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TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

▫ CASE STUDY – focuses on analyzing a small
number of events or conditions to help
understand more complex issues within the
context of real life.
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TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

▫ GROUNDED THEORY – the theory or explanation
of behavior derived from the data in a bottom-up
fashion.
▫ Takes place when you discover a new theory to
underlie your study at the time of data collection
and analysis.
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TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

▫ HISTORICAL ANALYSIS – explores the
background and development pattern of the
study subject.
▫ Central to this qualitative research method is the
examination of primary documents to make you
understand the connection of past events to the
present time.
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TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

▫ CONTENT & DISCOURSE ANALYSIS – requires an
analysis or examination of the substance or
content of the mode of communication (letters,
books, journals) used by a person, group,
organization, or any institution in communicating.
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HAPPY
RESEARCHING!