Satellites are celestial bodies that do not have their

own light source and move around certain planets

while following them circulating with certain periods
of revolution and rotation. There are two types of
satellites, namely natural and artificial satellites.
Natural satellites are non-man-made space objects
orbiting a planet or other object that is larger than
itself. For example the Moon which is a satellite of the
Earth.
The first satellite in the world was Soviet-made Sputnik
1 which now turned into Russia, which was made on
October 4, 1957 and started the Russian Sputnik
Program, with Sergei Korolev as the head of this
program and Kerim Kerimov as his assistant. This
launch triggered a space race (space race)
between the Soviets and America. Sputnik 1 helps
identify the density of the upper layer of the
atmosphere by measuring changes in its orbit and
provides data from the distribution of radio signals in
the ionosphere.
November 3, 1957, the Soviets launched Sputnik 2 by
bringing a crew of living things into orbit, a dog
named Laika
explorer 1 is the first earth satellite of the United
States, launched as part of participation in the
International Geophysical Year. The mission was
followed by Earth's first two satellites the previous
year, Sputnik 1 and 2 of the Soviet Union, the
beginning of the Cold War Space Series between
the two countries.
Explorer 1 was launched on January 31, 1958, It was
the first spacecraft to detect the Van Allen radiation
belt
•
•
•

•
•
•
1. Natural satellite. true satellites come from nature,
for example simply the moon which is a natural
satellite for the earth. the earth and other planets
in our solar system also become natural satellites
of the sun.

2. Artificial satellite. satellites made by humans are

placed in an orbit using launcher transportation
for certain functions, for communication,
mapping, weather monitoring devices and similar.
for example such as the Palapa satellite, Telkom,
Garuda, Indostar and many others.
1. Weather Satellites

weather satellite aims to find out the weather

and climate conditions on earth. Weather satellites
are also referred to as meteorological satellites. This
satellite was first launched on February 17, 1959.

One of the successful weather satellites

launched by NASA included TIROS-1 on April 1, 1960.
information stored on weather satellites becomes a
reference for meteorologists to predict weather. This
satellite is equipped with a radiometer as a hot spot
monitor.

In addition, weather satellites can also inform

cloud mass. That way, meteorologists can predict
rainfall.Including hurricanes that fall into dangerous
categories such as hurricanes and tropical cyclones.
2. Comunication Satellite

functions as a transmitter of communication

signals such as radio, television, internet, and other
long-distance signals.

The signal from the communication satellite is

transmitted to the earth through a transmitter, then
transmitted through an optical cable.

There are two types of communication satellites,

namely active satellites and passive satellites. Active
satellites will receive signals from signal sources,
amplify signals, then transmit to receivers on earth.

Passive satellites only receive electromagnetic

signals from the transmitter and send them back to
the receiver to be transmitted to the destination. The
communication satellites in Indonesia include Palapa
Satellite, Cakrawarta Satellite, and Telkom Satellite.
3. Navigation Satellite

Its use is intended to determine the location and

geographical location of an object on earth via
satellite. Usually used for flight, shipping and other
navigation.

The United States launched the first navigation

satellite in 1978 called the Navigation System with
Timing and Ranging (NAVSTAR).

The current navigation system that we often use,

namely the Global Positioning System (GPS), also
uses navigation satellites to receive signals and the
location of an object.
4. Astronomical Satellite

The use of astronomical satellites tends to be

limited to space monitoring. Examples include
monitoring distances between galaxies, stars, natural
satellites and other space objects.

Astronomical satellites are also used to find and

monitor the existence of planets, stars and galaxies.
The Hubble Telescope is one of the leading and
largest astronomical satellites because it is capable
of capturing images from space with great
resolution. So, the results displayed are so detailed.
5. Satellite to observe the earth

Finally there are satellites to observe the earth

from orbit. This satellite detects the presence of
vegetation, the color of the waters, and radiation on
earth.

Also used to make maps in general. Also

included for military purposes. Earth observation
satellites include proba-1, proba-2, ERS-1, ERS-2, and
Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT).