BARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
BU,BHOPAL

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Ms Harshita Verma mam Abhilasha kol
Ms Kamini Maheswar mam CSE V Sem
 SEMINAR
ON
DDR SDRAM
 Double Data Rate
Synchronous Dynamic
Random Access
Memory
 INTRODUCTION
• Double-Data-Rate Synchronous Dynamic
Random access memory , better known
as DDR SDRAM or DDR RAM for short, is a
type of very fast computer memory.

•
• DDR RAM is based on the same architecture
as SDRAM, but utilizes the clock
signal differently to transfer twice the data in
the same amount of time.
 •

• SDRAM memory chips utilized only the rising edge of the

signal to transfer data, while DDR RAM transfers data on
both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal.
• DDR RAM is essentially twice as fast as SDRAM.
• The FSB is the two-way data channel that sends information
from the central processing unit (CPU) throughout
the motherboard to the various components, including the
RAM, BIOS chips, hard drives and PCI slots.
• A computer system with a FSB of 133MHz running DDR
SDRAM will essentially perform like a 266MHz machine.
•

•
•"double data rate" refers to the fact that a DDR
SDRAM with a certain clock frequency achieves
nearly twice the bandwidth of a single data rate
(SDR) SDRAM running at the same clock frequency,
due to this double pumping.
•Data Transfer Rate:-
(memory bus clock rate) × 2 (for dual rate) × 64
(number of bits transferred) / 8 (number of bits/byte).
•Eg:
With data being transferred 64 bits at a time and a bus
frequency of 100 MHz, DDR SDRAM gives a
maximum transfer rate of 1600 MB/s.
•Double Data Rate, means that memories from this
category transfer two data chunks per clock cycle.
•
•Because of above feature, these memories are labeled
with double the real maximum clock rate they can
operate.
•
•For example, DDR2-800 memories work at 400 MHz,
DDR2-1066 and DDR3-1066 memories work at 533
MHz, DDR3-1333 memories work 666.6 MHz and so
on.
Types of DDR memory
DDR1
DDR2
DDR3

The main difference among these is different no. of bits
prefetched from RAM to I/O buffer.

•
•DDR1- DDR memories transfer two bits of data per
clock cycle from the memory array to the memory
internal I/O buffer. This is called 2-bit prefetch.

•DDR2-On DDR2 this internal data path was

increased to four bits .
•
•DDR3- And on DDR3 it was raised again to eight
bits. This is actually the trick that allows DDR3 to
work at higher clock rates than DDR2, and DDR2 at
higher clock rates than DDR.
•
PREFETCH
P R E FE TC H
DDR INTERNAL EXTERNAL NO.OF BITS
MEMORY CLOCK CLOCK TRANFERR
ED

DDR1-400 200 200 2BITS

DDR2-400 100 200 4 BITS

DDR3-400 50 200 8BITS

• To better understand this idea, let’s compare a
DDR-400, a DDR2-400 and a DDR3-400
memory chip (we know that DDR3-400
memories don’t exist, but pretend they do).
These three chips work externally at 200 MHz
transferring two data per clock cycle, achieving
an external performance as if they were
working at 400 MHz. Internally, however, the
DDR chip transfers two bits between the
memory array and the I/O buffer, so to match
the I/O interface speed this datapath has to
work at 200 MHz (200 MHz x 2 = 400 MHz).
Since on DDR2 this datapath was increased
from two bits to four bits, it can work at half the
clock rate in order to achieve the same
Naming:-
We name the system DDRx-yyyy
• X- meaning the technology generation
• yyyy -the DDR clock rate
• for the memory chips. The memory modules located on the little
printed board where the memory chips are soldered into use
another naming system PCx-zzzz. X is the technology
generation and zzzz is the maximum bandwidth.

Memory Real Maximum Theoretical Transfer Memory
Clock Rate Module
DDR200 100 MHz 1,600 MB/s PC-1600
DDR266 133 MHz 2,133 MB/s PC-2100
DDR333 166 MHz 2,666 MB/s PC-2700
DDR2- 200 MHz 3,200 MB/s PC2-3200
400
DDR2- 400 MHz 6,400 MB/s PC2-6400
800
DDR2- 533 MHz 8,533 MB/s PC2-8500
1066
DDR3- 400 MHz 6,400 MB/s PC3-6400
800
DDR3- 533 MHz 8,500 MB/s PC3-8500
1066
SPEED
One of the main differences between DDR, DDR2 and DDR3 is
the highest transfer rate each generation can go.
•

• DDR DDR2 DDR3

•

• SPEED INCREASING
VOLTAGES
DDR3 memories operate at lower voltages compared to DDR2
memories, which in turn operate at lower voltages compare to
DDR memories. This means that DDR3 memories consume
less power than DDR2 memories, which in turn consume less
power than DDR memories.
•

• DDR DDR2 DDR3

•

• DECREASE IN VOTLAGE
Technology Typical Voltage

DDR 2.5 V

DDR2 1.8 V

DDR3 1.5 V
Thank you