WORO AYU SEKARARUM

1510211060
 THROMBUS
Thrombus formation (called Virchow's triad):
(1) endothelial injury,
(2) stasis or turbulent blood flow
(3) hypercoagulability of the blood

Fate of the Thrombus

• Propagation
• Embolization
• Dissolution
• Organization and recanalization
 ARTERIAL EMBOLISM PREDILEKSI:
Often occur in the legs and feet
An embolus is a detached intravascular solid, liquid, or Brain  stroke
Heart  heart attack
gaseous mass that is carried by the blood to a site distant
Artery supplying blood flow to the lungs (DVT)  pulmonary
from its point of origin. embolus
Less common sites include the kidneys, intestines, and eyes.
embolus is a blood clot or a piece of plaque that acts like a clot.
emboli means there is more than one clot or piece of plaque.
EPIDEMIOLOGY:
The clots get stuck in an artery  block blood flow  starves Elderly
tissues of blood and oxygen  damage or necrosis have heart disease or other associated illnesses

ACE INHIBITOR
 ARTERIAL EMBOLISM

ETIOLOGY:
RISK FACTOR:
RHD & AF
Atrial fibrillation
atherosclerosis in the aorta and other large blood vessels  clots
Injury or damage to an artery wall
can break loose and flow down to the legs and feet.
Conditions that increase blood clotting (such as a very high platelet
count)
Paradoxical embolization: a clot in a vein enters the heart  move
Mitral stenosis  embolization to the brain
to an artery and block blood flow to the brain (stroke) or other
Endocarditis
organs
 ARTERIAL EMBOLISM
PX:
Ultrasound evaluation:
Echocardiography
Computerized tomographic angiography (CTA)
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)
COMPLICATIONS:
Acute MI
Infection in the affected tissue
Septic shock
Stroke (CVA)
Temporary or permanent decrease or loss of other organ functions
Temporary or permanent kidney failure
Tissue death (necrosis) and gangrene
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
 ARTERIAL EMBOLISM

TREATMENT:
GOALS: to control symptoms and to improve the interrupted blood
flow to the affected area of the body. The cause of the clot, if found,
should be treated to prevent further problems.

Anticoagulants (such as warfarin or heparin) can prevent new clots

from forming
Antiplatelet medicines (such as aspirin or clopidogrel) can prevent
new clots from forming
Painkillers given through a vein (by IV)
Thrombolytics (such as streptokinase) can dissolve clots

SURGERY:
- Bypass of the artery (arterial bypass) to create a second source of
blood supply
- Clot removal through a balloon catheter placed into the affected
artery or through open surgery on the artery (embolectomy)
- Opening of the artery with a balloon catheter (angioplasty) with or
without a stent