Topology

A topology refer to both physical and logical layout of network. The physical
topology refer to actual layout of network devices. Physical topology should not be
confused with logical topology which is method used to pass information between
workstation. There are seven type of Topology.

1.BUS Topology
2.RING Topology
3.STAR Topology
4.MESH Topology
5.FDDI Topology
6.TREE Topology
7.HYBRID Topology
 BUS Topology
A BUS topology uses a trunk or backbone to which all of the computer on the
network connect. System connect to this backbone using “T” type connector
terminators. This topology require terminator for both side of backbone to avoid
signal reflection. Commonly used for implementing Ethernet at 10 Mbps. Using
Coaxial cable during the 1980 and early 1990. It has more segment.

Backbone
ADVANTAGE

1.Easy to implement
2.Low Cost
3.Easy to connect
4.Require less cable.

DISADVANTAGE

1.Entire network shut down if there is break in main

cable.
2.Terminator are require both side.
3.Difficult the problem if entire network shut down.
 Ring Topology
The ring Network is a part of topology. In this Network all massage travel in a same
direction. This type network is wired in a serial circuit a failure in any cable or device
break the loop and can take down the entire network. All PC are connected in a Ring
circle. There are no terminated in end.
The method by which the data is transmitted around the ring is called token ring
passing. IBM token ring uses this method. In the token ring network use Multistations
access unit (MSAU) is equipment to a hub or Switch on Ethernet network.

Ring Topology
Token Ring Topology
ADVANTAGE
1.Cable faulty are easily located , Making troubleshoot easier.
2.Ring network are moderately easy to install.

DISADVANTAGE
1.Expansion to the network can cause network disruption.
2.A single break in the cable can disrupt the entire network.
 STAR TOPOLOGY
In the star network all the computers and other network devices connected with central
Device called HUB or SWITCH. Each connected require a single cable to connected to
HUB. Creating point to point connection between hub or network device. It has require
more cable. Generally UTP cable are used( Unshielded twisted pair).The star topology is
most widely implemented network design in use today.

HUB
ADVANTAGE
1.Easy to implement and extend even in large network.
2.Well suitable for temporary network.
3. Security can be implemented in the HUB/Switch.

DISADVANTAGE
1.It has limited cable and length and number of station.
2.Maintence costs may be higher in long run.
3.Failure of central node can be disturb all network.
 Mesh Topology
In the mesh topology each computer are connected with each other by separate cable.
Create point to point connection to every device on network. If one cable fail data
always has alternative path to get to its destination.
On a large scale, you can connect multiple LANs using mesh topology with leased line.
This type topology generally use in military area.
 Advantage
1.Provide redundant path between device.
2. The network can be expanded without disruption to current user.

Disadvantage
1. Require more cable then other topology .
2. Complicated implementations.
 FDDI Topology
The American national Standard s Institute (ANSI) developed the fiber distribution
Data Interface.(FDDI) standard in the mid -1980s to meet the growing need for a
reliable and fast networking system to accommodate distributed application. Its data
transfer speed is 100 Mbps and higher.
ADVANTAGE

1. High speed data transfer

2. Easy to connect.

DISADVANTAGE

1. Need costly equipment.

2. Dual ring Design.
 TREE Topology
Tree Topology integrated multiple star topologies together onto bus. In its design only
HUB / Switch device connect directly to the tree. A tree topology combines
characteristics of linear bus and star topologies. It consists of groups of star-configured
workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable. Tree topologies allow for the
expansion of an existing network, and enable schools to configure a network to meet
their needs.
 Advantages of a Tree Topology

1.Point-to-point wiring for individual segments.

2.Supported by several hardware and software
venders.

Disadvantages of a Tree Topology

1. Overall length of each segment is limited by

the type of cabling used.
2. If the backbone line breaks, the entire
segment goes down.
3. More difficult to configure and wire than
other topologies.
 HYBRID TOPOLOGY
With the hybrid topology are combination of two or more topologies from a complete
Network for example the hybrid topology could be the combination of star and bus
topology. If a computer fail. It will not affect the rest of the network.
Physical Topology Common Cable Common Protocol

Twisted Pair
Linear Bus Coaxial Ethernet
Fiber Local Talk

Ethernet
Star Twisted Pair Local
Fiber Talk

T
Star-Wired Ring Twisted Pair Token Ring

Twisted Pair
Tree Coaxial Ethernet
Fiber
THANK YOU