ROCKS

Is a consolidated aggregate of
various types of minerals or
multiple individual pieces of
the same kind of mineral.
•Bedrock – a mass of
consolidates rock that
has not been weathered.
•Regolith – broken or
decomposed rock
fragments
•Outcrop – a mass of
exposed bedrock
 Igneous Rocks
•Molten rock materials
that cools and solidifies.
•Magma- molten rock
material below the
Earth’s surface.
•Lava- molten rock
material at the surface.
 Two Major Categories of Igneous rocks
• Extrusive Igneous rock • Intrusive Igneous rock
- volcanic rock - plutonic rock
- made from lava - magma that solidifies
Igneous rocks vary in texture, chemical
composition, crystalline structure, tendency to
fracture. And presence or absence of layering.
 •Extrusive rapid-cooling fine crystals

Basalt Andesite Rhyolite

•Intrusive slow-cooling coarse crystals

Gabbro Granite Diorite

Sedimentary Rocks
•Derived from
sediment, which is a
loose accumulation
•Lithify – process of
compaction and
cementation
transform.
 Three major categories of sedimentary rocks
•Clastic sedimentary rocks Sandstone
form from fragments of
preexisting rocks, shells or
bones.

Shale Siltstone
 •Organic sedimentary rock

lithify from the remains

of organisms , both
animals and plants

Coal
•Chemical precipitate
sedimentary rocks

when the amounts of dissolved

minerals in ocean and lake gypsum
water reach saturation they
begin to precipitate and build
up a deposit on the sea or lake
bottom.
dolomite
Metamorphic Rocks
•Metamorphic means
“changed form.”
•Typically harder and
more compact have an
oriented crystalline
structure, and are more
resistant to weathering.
 Two major categories of metamorphic Rocks
• Based on presence (foliated) or absence (non
foliated) of platy
surfaces or wavy
alignments of light
and dark minerals
that form during
metamorphism.
Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
Crystal Structure
Fine - Slate
Medium - Schist

Coarse - Gneiss
Non foliated Metamorphic Rocks
Original Rock Type

Limestone Marble

Quartzite Sandstone
 ROCK CYCLE
Is a conceptual model for understanding
processes that generate, alter, transport,
and deposit mineral materials to produce
different kinds of rocks.
• Metamorphic rock weathering and erosion
• Sedimentary rock melting
• Igneous rock magma
• Slow uplift to the surface Sedimentation
• Transport
• deposition
• burial high temperature and pressure
• crystallization of magma
• lithification