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Buat review jurnal/artikel dari topik:

MDGs
(Millenium Development Goals)
8 goals, berisi 18 m! 
— m e Efforts to Ac ieve t e MDGs in Indonesia m e Millennium
Development Goals consist of quantitative goals to be ac ieved
wit in a certain period of time, especially t e issue of poverty
reduction by 2015. m ese are drawn from t e 'Millennium
Declaration¶ and Indonesia is one of t e 189 signatory countries in
September 2000.Eig t Millennium Development Goals also explain
t e objectives of uman development, w ic can also directly impact
t e extreme poverty eradication. Eac goal consists of t e MDG¶s
targets t at ave a minimum limit of ac ievement t at must be met
by Indonesia in 2015. m is book contains just a picture of t e eig t
Millennium Development goals, ac ievements and c allenges to
meet t e 18 targets in Indonesia.Ac ieving MDG¶s goals by 2015
requires coordination, cooperation and commitment from all
stake olders, especially governments (national and local), civil
society, academia, media, private sector and donor community.
moget er, t ese groups will ensure t at progress as been
ac ieved, spread evenly across Indonesia. Indonesian government
still olds its commitment to report progress in t e realization of t e
 MDG¶s.
"#
MDG¶s.
"#
!$  %!   !&' 
— m! "#Êeduce
m! "# Êeduce by alf t e population living below t e extreme poverty line to 50%
m! (#Êeduce by alf t e proportion of people w o suffer from unger.
m! (#Êeduce unger.mm e Current Situation
— m e Indonesian government is committed to ac ieving t e first goal of MDGs. In 1990, 15.1% of t e Indonesia¶s
population was in extreme poverty. m e amount at t at time reac ed 27 million people. Currently, t e proportion is
7.5%, or nearly 17 million people. At t e national level, wit a stronger effort, Indonesia will be able to alve t e
proportion of people w o suffer from poverty and unger by 2015. Nevert eless, t ere are still large differences
between ric and poor regions. m ere are many poor rural areas, especially in t e eastern region of Indonesia,
w ic require more ard work to ac ieve t e goal to eradicate extreme poverty and unger goal.
— m e Furt er Action
Ac ieving t e Goal no 1 by 2015 will only be conducted wit t e participation and cooperation of all stake olders
in eac district and city. m e poor in Indonesia need better access to get food, clean water, basic ealt services
and education. m ey also need roads and ot er infrastructures to support economic activity, and open access to
markets to sell t eir products. m e income level of t e poor in Indonesia will be increased wit t e increase of
employment opportunities and business development. Fundamental c anges need to be done on t e level of
policy making. Policies t at pro-
pro-poverty must be developed. In t e era of decentralization, t e responsibility of
policy making and budgeting at t e local level is made by local government. Civil society and t e private sector,
academia and t e media can also elp t e government wit t e needs of t e poor t roug advocacy and direct
involvement wit policy.
— Family and community groups in Indonesia s ould also be involved to be more active in determining and fulfilling
t eir needs. Sustainable development must begin from t e grass roots, and t en move to a ig er level. mo elp
t e poor to be more prosperous, t ey must be given adequate resources to elp t em grow and become
prosperous.
—
(#$'   !!!& $
— m! )#In
m! )# In 2015, all Indonesian c ildren, bot male and female, will be able to
complete t eir primary education.
— m e Current Situation
— Goal 2 is to ac ieve universal primary education for all by 2015. m is means t at all c ildren, bot
male and female, will be able to complete t eir primary education. m e Indonesian Government is
committed to meet t is target wit t e 9-9-year compulsory education program. m is policy as been
proven to improve access to primary education. However, many sc ool age c ildren across t e
country t at ave not been able to complete t eir elementary sc ool. Even in rural areas, sc ool
dropout rate can reac 8.5%. m e quality of education in Indonesia still needs to be improved and
education management is also not so good.
— m e Furt er Action
For Goal 2 to be ac ieved, all stake olders across t e country, including central and local
governments, civil society organizations, t e general public, academics, private sector and t e
media need to work toget er to ensure t at policies, strategies and programs in t e future related
to 9-
9-year compulsory education program s ould focus on improving t e access and expanding t e
learning opportunities to all sc ool age c ildren, especially t ose in poor areas and rural areas.
Department of Education in t e region also needs to improve t e quality and relevance of basic
education to ensure t at all graduates will ave t e basic ability to work or continue to ig er
levels of education.
— Education resources management system also needs to be improved, so t at all t e institutions
associated to basic education can perform t eir tasks and functions more efficiently and
effectively. m e key upon t e success t e governments succeed in t e 9- 9-year compulsory
education program is t e involvement of parents of t e students and t e community leaders, and
civil society organizations and t e private sector. m is group of stake olders will elp mobilize
various resources to support t e ac ievement of t e objectives of t e 9 9--year basic education
program. In addition, opportunities also need to be expanded to private sc ools and educational
institutions to organize community-
community-based primary education.
—
)#*!   ! +& , !, 
— m! -#Eliminate
m! -# Eliminate gender disparity in t e level of basic education and secondary sc ools in Indonesia.
— m e Current Situation

—
— Indonesia as ac ieved muc progress in addressing t e issue of inequality between men and women. m e 9- 9-year
compulsory education program as broug t positive impacts in t e reduction of inequalities in education. m e ratio
between t e participation of students, men and women, bot net and gross participation ave almost reac ed
100% at all levels of education. However, t e success of t is program still needs to be improved, particularly for
t e older age groups. m ere are still quite a gap and a false impression in t e context of gender and role in society.
m is incorrect perception appens in almost all aspects of life, from t e career (of equal opportunity and benefits)
to representation in politics.
— m e proportion of women in non-non-agricultural employment relative stagnant, t e same t ing appens wit t e
representation of women in parliament, eac is still in t e range of 33% and 11%.
— m e Furt er Action
m e Indonesia Government is currently doing a lot of strategies to support t e ac ievement of t e t ird goal of
MDGs. In addition to t e gender program in education sector, efforts are also made to increase opportunities for
women to work in non-
non-agricultural sector and equity rewards. m e women empowerment sector is an important
step for ac ieving t e MDGs t ird goal, including increased representation of women in t e political aspects.
— Alt oug t e Article 27 of 1945 Constitution guarantees uman rig ts equality for all people of Indonesia - bot
men and women, many found practices t at discriminate and t us trigger t e occurrence of gaps, especially at t e
local level. m is includes t e implementation of local regulations t at contain elements of duality t at is not in
accordance wit t e 1945 Constitution. All t e stake olders in Indonesia, including t e Government, civil society,
private sector, academics and t e media can play a role in preventing t e negative impacts of t ese practices, by
taking a firm old on t e constitutional rig ts of every citizen.
—
-# $ .'!&
— m! /#Êeduce
m! /# Êeduce by two t irds t e mortality rate among c ildren under five.
— m e Current Situation
—
— In Indonesia, per 1,000 birt s, 40 will die before t ey reac five years old. m ese statistics are
known as Angka Kematian Balita (AKB) or m e Infant Mortality Êate. m e infant mortality rate in
Indonesia is t e ig est among t e ot er ASEAN countries. Nevert eless, Indonesia as actually
reac ed t e fourt goal of MDGs. Our job now is to ensure t at Indonesia's c ildren get t eir
constitutional rig ts. Article No. 23 on C ild Protection states t at every c ild as t e rig t to
obtain ealt services and social security according to t eir p ysical, psyc ological and social
needs. One t ird of t e infant deat s in Indonesia occur wit in t e first mont after birt , 80% of
t em occur during t e first week of life. m e main causes of deat are acute respiratory infections,
diarr ea and birt complications. Besides t e main causes, some infectious diseases suc as
meningitis, typ us and encep alitis are also quite often t e causes of infant mortality.
— m e Furt er Action
— m e National Programme for Indonesian C ildren made t e issue of t e deat of babies and
young c ildren as one of t e most important parts. m e program is part of t e Indonesian
C ildren's Vision 2015, a movement t at involves all segments of society, from government, t e
private sector to academia and civil society. moget er, t ese groups try to improve t e quality of
ealt and welfare of babies and c ildren under 5. In addition to promoting ealt y living for
c ildren and improving t e quality of and access to compre ensive ealt services, part of t e
Goal no 4 is to increase t e proportion of birt s assisted by trained personnel, so to expect
c anges in t e be avior of t e community to more actively seek ealt services, especially for
young c ildren and c ildren under 5.
—
/#!  !0 '
— m! 1#Êeduce
m! 1# Êeduce to t e t ree-
ree-quarters of its level of Maternal Mortality in Indonesia
— m e Current Situation
—
— m e risk of maternal deat because of t e birt process in Indonesia is 1 deat in every 65 birt s. Eac year
20,000 deat s estimated to occur because of maternal complications during c ildbirt and during pregnancy.
Maternal Mortality is calculated based on t e number of deat s per 100,000 birt s. m e main causes of maternal
deat in Indonesia are aemorr age, eclampsia, w ic causes ig blood pressure during pregnancy, abortion¶s
complications, infection and complications during t e birt . Alt oug Indonesia does not yet ave good data
collection system to obtain information on Maternal Mortality in Indonesia, experts estimate t at t e Maternal
Mortality in Indonesia in 1992 is 425. More t an a decade later, t e figures c anged to 307 per 100,000 live birt s.
Based on t is rate, t e effort required is muc bigger to ac ieve t e Goal no 5. In addition, special attention must
be given to poor regions, especially in t e eastern part of Indonesia, w ere many areas still ave t e ig est
maternal mortality rate in Indonesia, and also because t is area as a very limited infrastructure.
— m e Furt er Action
— W ic is required by t e mot er is improving access to quality ealt services for mot ers and c ildren, especially
during and immediately after birt . In addition to improving t e ealt service, c anges in t e be avior of t e
people most vulnerable to maternal mortality must also be done. m is includes increasing family knowledge about
ealt status and nutrition, as well as notification about t e range and t e types of services t ey can use. m e
government also needs to improve t e monitoring system to ac ieve MDG 5. Improved data collection system,
particularly t e management aspects and t e flow of information, especially basic ealt infrastructure data, and
coordination between related institutions wit t e donor community also needs to be improved to avoid overlap
and unnecessary activities, so t e increase in maternal ealt can be ac ieved more effectively and efficiently.
—
/#!  !0 '
— m! 1#Êeduce
m! 1# Êeduce to t e t ree-
ree-quarters of its level of Maternal Mortality in Indonesia
— m e Current Situation
—
— m e risk of maternal deat because of t e birt process in Indonesia is 1 deat in every 65 birt s. Eac year
20,000 deat s estimated to occur because of maternal complications during c ildbirt and during pregnancy.
Maternal Mortality is calculated based on t e number of deat s per 100,000 birt s. m e main causes of maternal
deat in Indonesia are aemorr age, eclampsia, w ic causes ig blood pressure during pregnancy, abortion¶s
complications, infection and complications during t e birt . Alt oug Indonesia does not yet ave good data
collection system to obtain information on Maternal Mortality in Indonesia, experts estimate t at t e Maternal
Mortality in Indonesia in 1992 is 425. More t an a decade later, t e figures c anged to 307 per 100,000 live birt s.
Based on t is rate, t e effort required is muc bigger to ac ieve t e Goal no 5. In addition, special attention must
be given to poor regions, especially in t e eastern part of Indonesia, w ere many areas still ave t e ig est
maternal mortality rate in Indonesia, and also because t is area as a very limited infrastructure.
— m e Furt er Action
— W ic is required by t e mot er is improving access to quality ealt services for mot ers and c ildren, especially
during and immediately after birt . In addition to improving t e ealt service, c anges in t e be avior of t e
people most vulnerable to maternal mortality must also be done. m is includes increasing family knowledge about
ealt status and nutrition, as well as notification about t e range and t e types of services t ey can use. m e
government also needs to improve t e monitoring system to ac ieve MDG 5. Improved data collection system,
particularly t e management aspects and t e flow of information, especially basic ealt infrastructure data, and
coordination between related institutions wit t e donor community also needs to be improved to avoid overlap
and unnecessary activities, so t e increase in maternal ealt can be ac ieved more effectively and efficiently.
—
1#.02' !3 $  
— m! 4#Halt
m! 4# Halt and begin to reverse t e tendency of HIV / AIDS spread in Indonesia.
m! 5#Halt
m! 5# Halt and begin to reverse tendency of malaria and ot er diseases spread in Indonesia.
— m e Current Situation
—
— AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a disease caused by HIV (t e Human Immunodeficiency Virus).
HIV can damage t e immune system against disease and infection, w ic can cause deat . mreatment wit Anti
Êetro Viral (antiretroviral drugs) can amper t e development of AIDS, and increase t e patience ealt . But
t ese drugs can not cure HIV, because t ey ave not yet found a cure for HIV and AIDS. HIV spread t roug
sexual contact and t roug infected. Since first discovered in 2007, t e number of t e cases continues to
increase. Until Marc 2007 nearly 8,988 cases of AIDS and 5,640 HIV cases are reported. According to some
experts, t is amount is only a small part of t e w ole people w o as been infected by HIV/AIDS. m e groups wit
t e ig est risk for t is disease are commercial sex workers and t eir clients, and injection drug users. In addition,
awareness and knowledge of t e trut about HIV and AIDS also remain a major issue in Indonesia. More t an one
t ird of women and one fift of men ave never eard about HIV / AIDS at all. W en t is trend does not c ange, it
is estimated t at more t an one million Indonesian people will be infected by 2010. Ot er diseases t at also come
to t e attention of MDG 6 are malaria and muberculosis (mB). Eac year it is estimated t at t ere are 18 million
cases of malaria and more t an 520 t ousand cases of mB.
— m e Furt er Action
— m e Government efforts to combat HIV / AIDS was conducted by t e National AIDS Commission (NAC), w ic is
a national body formed to support t e implementation of t e campaign and t e provision of correct information
about HIV / AIDS, t e spreads and w at can be done by eac person to avoid and protect t emselves from being
infected by t e disease. NAC also form a community to understand ow to live toget er wit People Living wit
HIV / AIDS and to remain a productive life. m e efforts to increase t e monitoring and ealt facilities improvement
and care for People Living wit HIV / AIDS also need to be done. Every citizen can elp stop t e HIV spread by
reducing t e risk of transmission by doing safe sexual practices and using condoms regularly. Campaign on t e
Êoll Back Malaria and t e DOmS is one of t e periodic efforts w ic made to combat Malaria and muberculosis.
—
4#! ! &
— m! 6#Integrate
m! 6# Integrate t e principles of sustainable development into policies and programs of Indonesian
government, and reverse loss of resource.
m! "7# Êeduce by alf of t e proportion of Indonesian people wit out sustainable access to safe drinking
water and basic sanitation.
m! ""#Ac
m! ""# Ac ieve significant improvement in lives of slum dwellers.
— m e Current Situation
— Between 1985 and 1997, deforestation rate in Kalimantan, Maluku, Papua, Sulawesi and Sumatra is 1.8 million
ectares per year. m e main t reat to t e rainforests of Indonesia is illegal logging in protected forests. In t e era
of decentralization and regional autonomy, more forests are exploited, illegal logging is more rampant and
boundaries of so-
so-protected areas were not concerned anymore. m e main cause is t e weak law supremacy and
t e lack of understanding and knowledge about t e long-
long-term development goals and t e biosp ere protection.
—  !88 m e water quality distributed by PDAM t at is distributed to t e community does not fulfill t e conditions of
 !
safe drinking water according to t e Ministry of Healt . m is is primarily due to t e quality of network distribution
and care w ic t en caused t e contamination.
— 88 Based on t e latest data available, t e community access in general to sanitation facilities is 68%.

However, sanitation does not seem to be t e main development priorities, from t e national, regional, legislative
bodies and t e private sector. m is is visible from a relatively small budget available for sanitation.
— m e Furt er Action
m e access and t e availability of information on natural resources and environment are t e aspects t at need
improvement. m is kind of programs can elp enric t e knowledge and insig t of group of people w o live in t e
rural and remote areas about t e importance of environmental protection. It is also necessary to promote ealt
and ygiene, so t at people will understand more about t e importance of clean water and can actively participate
to maintain and take care of t e clean water facilities t at exist. Campaign on t e importance of sanitation also
needs to be done to t e government, policy makers and legislative body, including to t e community. Investment
and a greater priority are needed to improve access to clean water and sanitation services to people all around
Indonesia.
—
5#  ! !'3!   
— m! "(#Develop
m! "(# Develop an open, rule-
rule-based, predictable and nonnon--discriminatory financial and trading
system.
m! ")#Overcome
m! ")# Overcome t e special issues from t e least least--developed countries. m is include free
access and tariff-
tariff-free quota for t eir exports, en anced debt relief for eavily indebted poor
countries , cancellation of official bilateral debt, and more generous ODA for countries committed
to poverty reduction.
m! "-#Address
m! "-# Address t e special needs of landlocked countries and small island countries.
m! "/#Deal
m! "/# Deal compre ensively wit t e debt problems of developing countries t roug national
and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in t e long term.
m! "1#Work
m! "1# Work wit developing countries to develop decent and productive work for young
people.
m! "4#In
m! "4# In cooperation wit t e P armaceutical Company, provide access to affordable
essential drugs in developing countries.
m! "5#In
m! "5# In cooperation wit t e private sector, make available t e benefits of new tec nologies,
especially information and communication tec nology.
— Goal no 8 contains actions t at must be done by t e developed countries to developing countries
to ac ieve Goal no 1 to Goal no 7. Monterrey Consensus - w ic is t e outcome of t e
International Conference on Financing for Development in 2002 - is seen as a key to Goal no 8.
m e main points from t e consensus are t e freedom of trade, t e flow of private funds, debt,
domestic resource mobilization and grants for development. Based on t e fact t at a public ealt
investment is a non-
non-profit investment, t e grants become important, especially in t e ealt
sector.
 W at is marget MDG's Program?
— m e programme provides a multi-
multi-stake older platform for t e national
government, local aut orities, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), t e
private sector, and ot er development partners to c annel t eir efforts
t roug partners ips, collaboration, and programmatic synergies to
contribute more effectively towards t e attainment of t e MDGs in
Indonesia.
It aims to reinforce government commitments to ac ieving t e country¶s
MDGs targets, bot at t e national and sub sub--national levels, by mars alling
resources and expertise and directing t em towards t e following strategic
areas of support:
— (1) strengt ening capacity of t e government at national and sub sub--national
levels to collect and analyse statistical data required for MDGs
benc marking and target
target--setting.
— (2) building t e capacity of t e government to institutionalise assessment
and reporting on progress towards t e MDGs and Human Development,
focusing on t e production and publication of MDGÊs and HDÊs and t e
overall monitoring of MDGs.
— (3) intensifying advocacy efforts t roug media, ot er development partners
and CSO networks to improve awareness of t e MDGs and promote actions
among different stake olders; and
— (4) providing support to improve coordination, planning, budgeting,
monitoring and evaluation of poverty reduction policies and programmes in
several districts
 '!' *!!9
— m e programme is undertaken t roug partners ips
between t e National Development Planning Agency
(BAPPENAS), t e Coordinating Ministry for People¶s
Welfare (MENKOKESÊA), Central Bureau of Statistics
(BPS), Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), t e Private
Sector, multilateral and bilateral institutions,
Decentralisation Support Facility (DSF) and UNDP. m e
programme was initially targeting five provinces including
Maluku, Sout east Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, Nusa
menggara Barat (NmB) and Nusa menggara mimur (Nmm),
and it is expanding into ot er provinces, seeking for
additional financial resources to be mobilized. m e
programme will be implemented over five years (2006-
(2006-
2011).
 Works op report 2008
Î mAÊGEm MDGs' ³Pro ³Pro--Poor Planning, Budgeting, Monitoring and Evaluation´
(P3BM) programme is t e result of t e cooperation between t e National
Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS), t e Coordinating Ministry for
People's Welfare (Menko Kesra), t e National Statistics Office (BPS) and t e
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). m ese activities were
designed to elp overcome capacity problems faced by stake olders at t e
district level. In 2008 P3BM activities targeted t ree provinces; Nusa
menggara Barat (NmB), Nusa menggara mimur (Nmm) and Sulawesi menggara
(Sultra). m ree districts were selected in eac province. m ese were Lombok
mimur, Lombok menga and Dompu representing NmB, Kabupaten Belu, East
Flores (Flores mimur) and Kupang representing Nmm and Kabupaten
Wakatobi, Bombana and Kolaka representing Sultra. m ese districts were
selected on t e basis of a number of factors. m ese included t e percentage
of people suffering from poverty in t e districts, t e uman development
index and t e fiscal index of t e districts as well as consultations wit local
governments and NGOs.P3BM activities started wit t e collection of MDG MDG--
related data and t e compilation of documents and development budgets.
m e data and documents were t en analysed and t e results were socialised
to local governments, t e Êegional House of Êepresentatives (DPÊD) and
NGOs. Agreements were made between local governments and t e
mAÊGEm MDGs programme as a result of t is socialisation. m ey agreed on
scorecarding, poverty mapping and annual local budget (APBD) analysis
training. It was oped t at, t roug t is training, local governments would be
able to work towards t e ac ievement of t e MDGs in 2007. A 2008 budget
was also allocated for t e ac ievement of t e MDGs.
 Works op report 2008
Î m e first national P3BM works op was eld to discuss solutions for various problems,
w ic ad been ig lig ted by t e analysis of t e data collected by mAÊGEm MDGs.
m e aim of t e works op was to accelerate ac ievement of t e MDGs and to enable
t e participants to s are experiences about previous interventions. m e works op
was attended by more t an 100 participants, including representatives from local
governments, local legislative councils, universities, donor institutions, NGOs and t e
media. m e event started wit an opening ceremony, followed by a series of panels,
group discussions, field trips and a closing ceremony.
m e topics discussed by t e panels included perspectives on and experiences of
carrying out pro-
pro-poor development work, t e status and ac ievements of t e MDGs in
eac of t e targeted districts, and best practice in eac of t e targeted districts as well
as in ot er areas (Gorontalo Province, Kabupaten Wonosobo and Manggarai).
Group discussions were province based and focused on budgeting, planning and
funding in order to bring about t e alleviation of poverty. m e discussions ended wit
an agreement on a list of tasks, w ic must be carried out in order to ac ieve t e
MDGs. m ese tasks included data collection, document formulation, planning,
budgeting, monitoring, evaluation and t e identification of cross
cross--cutting issues.
As a consequence of t e decisions made at t e P3BM works op, eac locality will
formulate tangible steps to minimise budget deficits, w ic occurred in t e budget
year 2008. Eac locality will be expected to be able to s ow a pro
pro--poor Government
Work Plan ( ÊKPD) draft for 2010 at t e second P3BM works op, w ic will be eld
in early Marc of 2009.mo read t e complete report, please download t e document
troug link:Englis
link:Englis
works op
MDG
Êeport
2008.pdf (PDF - 1.4 MB)
 . m 
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dari topik:
1. Hubungan dokter/drg dengan pasien
dili at dari pandangan ilmu
sosiologi.
2. meamwork (kese atan gigi)
3. Sistem rujukan kese atan gigi.
 . m 

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dari topik:
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 . m 
Format laporan:
Î Pengantar (dari topik yg diambil)

Î Issue
Issue--issue
Î Diskusi
Diskusi--Analisis
Î Kesimpulan

Î Lampiran (print-
(print-out berita, jurnal, «)
— Naska diketik format A4
— midak dijilid, jepitan,
— Kover laporan diprint biasa, tidak
usa tebal/plastik.
— Dikumpulkan tanggal 22 Desember
2010.
— Letakkandimeja drg. Yuni dengan
memberikan tanda tangan pada lembar
bukti pengumpulan (dengan disaksikan bu
Parti).
—Selamat bekerja.
—merimakasi .