BASIC COMPONENTS

OF STAYED BRIDGE
• Cable Arrangement Types
• Pylon Types
• Deck Types
• Substructure Types
TRANSVERSE ARRANGEMENT OF
CABLE
• Cables are usually either arranged
in a single-plane or two-plane system

• Single-plane is commonly employed

with a divided road deck, and requires
only a narrow pylon and pier

• In the two-plane system the cable

can either be arranged to hang vertically
or slope towards the top of the tower or pylon
BASIC CABLE LAYOUT
CLASSIFICATION
• Radial : cables connect evenly throughout the deck,
but all converge on the top of the pier

• Harp : cables are parallel,

and evenly spaced along the deck and the pier

• Fan : a combination of radial and harp types

• Star-shaped : cables are connected to two

opposite points on the pier
 THE CABLE
• Similar to that used for normal prestressing work

• May comprise of:

– multi-strand cable made up of cold drawn wires
– single strand cable (mono-strand cable)
consisting of parallel wires

• Diameters in the range 40-125 mm are typical

• Protection against corrosion is a major concern

 THE CONNECTION
• Usually the cable has a pin type
joint to the Pylon

• Have either swaged or filled sockets

• The deck-to-cable connection is usually

of the 'free' type to accommodate
adjustment

• Cable Anchorages in Pylon

are usually expensive
 THE PYLONS
• May be fabricated from
– steel plate,
– precast concrete elements
– occasionally in in-situ concrete

• Various design options

are available to produce
good aesthetic effects
 THE DECK
• Generally has a hollow box
cross section

• Provides torsional resistance

across the deck width

• May be assembled in precast

concrete elements, steel plate or
girders, or made in in situ concrete
 METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
• Various methods in practice include:
– Erect on temporary props
– Free cantilever with progressive placing
– Balanced cantilever
– Push-out

• Method of erection is influenced by:

– the stiffness of the pylon cable anchorage system
– viability of installing temporary supports
– maximum unsupported spans permitted by the design
– case of transporting materials
DESIGN CHALLENGES
 PERMANENT LOAD CONDITION
• A cable-stayed bridge is a highly redundant, or statically indeterminate
structure.

• The permanent load condition includes (1) All structural dead load (2) All
Superimposed dead (3) All prestressing effects (4) All secondary moments and
forces.

• The designer can select the one that is most advantageous for the design when
other loads are considered.

• Checks the stresses and stability of the structure in every construction stage.
LIVE LOAD
• Live-load stresses are mostly determined by evaluation of influence
lines.

• The stress at a given location in a cable-stayed bridge is usually a

combination of several force components.

• Vibrations, resonance effects of moving trucks can be greatly

amplified in cable stayed bridges
 THERMAL LOADS
• Differential temperature between various members of the structure, especially
that between the cables and the rest of the bridge, must be considered in the
design.
• Black cables tend to be heated up and cooled down much faster than the
towers and the girder, thus creating a significant temperature difference.
– Light-colored cables, therefore, are usually preferred.
• Orientation of the bridge toward the sun is another factor to consider.
– One face of the towers and some group of cables facing the sun may be
warmed up while the other side is in the shadow, causing a temperature gradient
DYNAMIC LOADS
• Experience shows that, except in extremely high seismic areas,
earthquake load seldom controls the design.

• On the other hand, because most cable-stayed bridges are

categorized as major structures, they are usually required to be
designed for more severe earthquake loads than regular structures.