Organizing Science

Research Papers (8)

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While consisting of dispersed oil globules containing
small aqueous droplets, water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions
(W/O/W) are extensively adopted in many product areas,
including drug-delivery systems, cosmetics and food processing.
Although the internal phase is a perfect pool to protect
active matter, double emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable
system with a strong tendency for coalescence, flocculation and
creaming.
Therefore, most double emulsions form a large
droplet, making long-term storage impossible and release of the
active matter uncontrollable.
In practice, in addition to that double emulsion
prepared with a monomeric emulsifier cannot provide long-term
storage, a polymeric emulsifier can enhance the adsorbability of
active matter, thus offering more stable conditions and release of
properties in double emulsions.
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Based on the above, we should attempt to stabilize the
inner/outer emulsion and reduce the droplet size by using a polymeric
emulsifier, thus enhancing the stability of double emission.
To do so, W/O/W emulsions can be prepared using
the two-step emulsification method. As the first step in emulsification,
ordinary W/O emulsion can be provided with a hydrophobic polymeric
emulsifier as the surfactant. W/O/W dispersion can then be provided, in
which the W/O emulsion is mixed within an aqueous solution of
hydrophilic polymeric emulsifier as the surfactant.
As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that small
double emulsion droplets can be obtained with long-term stability, along
with prolonged release of the active matter achieved as well.
Designed for use as a vaccine system, the emulsion
droplets can produce a secondary immune response to the antigen
after a single injection, thus enhancing the antibody response.
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Despite the effectiveness of surface plasma resonance
(SPR) as a biosensor, localized surface plasma resonance (LSPR) is
more sensitive despite the fact that fabrication methods are only in
preliminary stages.
A conventionally adopted SPR is glass coated with a thin
gold film on top. The proteins are self-assembled on the thin gold film.
However, SPR is not as sensitive as LSPR, and is more expensive as
well.
For instance, a conventionally adopted SPR has a
detection limit of 100pM. However, LSPR can detect a sample
concentration for 40nM. Moreover, LSPR is 50% less expensive than
SPR.
The inability to advance LSPR fabrication methods
makes it impossible to detect samples with a low concentration.
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Based on the above, we should develop a novel fabrication method
for the conventionally used SPR as an alternative to a localized growth
nanoparticle method adopted to fabricate LSPR.
To do so, a gold seed with a diameter of 13nm can be created
using a hotplate. ATPMs (3-(2-Aminoethylamino) propyltrim ethoxysilane) can
then be coated on the glass with gold seeds spilled on top. Next, gold seeds
can be wrapped in silver. Next, an appropriate connection can be made with
nanoparticles, enabling the sample to be detected by LSPR.
As anticipated, the methods adopted to fabricate LSPR are easier
and less expensive than those of SPR despite their ability to detect samples
with a low concentration.
More than biosensor applications, LSPR can be applied to the
fabrication of other components, conserve material costs and detect samples
with a low concentration, enabling the detection of diseases in their early
stages.
Further details can be found at
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