NORTH AMERICAN

REGIONS
III. Canadian Shield
 Key
 Red-Term to define and remember
 Yellow-Place to locate and remember
 Green-Resource to know and
remember
 Bright Green-Agricultural product
(crop) to remember
 White, Blue and Brown-Narration to
help understanding
 Northern Wisconsin
Northern Wisconsin

Lots of trees mean

Soil quality is . . .
Poor

Typical Scenery
In the US portion of the Canadian
Shield
Ice Sheets
What caused the land in the
Canadian Shield to look as it
does?
 Ice Sheets
 Are continental-sized, 1 to 2-mile high
masses of ice
 Move from the poles during ice ages
 Scrape off the soft sedimentary rock
leaving behind old, igneous and
metamorphic rock
 Gouge out depressions which fill with
water (lakes)
 Some lakes have mostly filled up with
vegetation forming swamps and bogs
 Ic
e
Sh
ee
t

Great Bear Lake

Great Slave Lake

Hudson
Bay
Lake
Winnipeg
Lake
Superior
Northern Wisconsin
If Minnesota is the land of
10,000 lakes

Then Wisconsin has

5000.
 The lakes are usually
surrounded by seasonal
cottages.
 Potatoes

Used for collecting insects

In a few places the lakes have drained

leaving sandy loamy soil
Which is good for growing . . .
Hints: ginseng
1)85% of the US crop was grown in Marathon
County, Wisconsin.
2)It requires much shade.
3)The root is harvested.
4)It takes 3-4 years to reach maturity.
5)It was worth up to $100 per pound, but now
is bought for About $10 per pound.
6)Much of it is exported to Asia.
7)You would most likely find it in a health food
store. . .

What crop is this?

Superior, Wisconsin

Lake Superior
Duluth, Minnesota

Answer:
Why fog?
Cold Water

Lake Superior
What are these structures used for?
Duluth
Storing Grain
From the plains
Mesabi Range

What are they mining?

Ores include hematite and magnetite

iron
The machine is drilling into the face of the mine.

The series of holes will be filled with explosives.

Then the loose rock is carried to the crusher.
The Crusher and Smelter
 Some mines are abandoned.
The high quality ore is played out.
 Hibbing, Minnesota

The city has been moved to avoid being

undermined.
Since so many mines
are closed the local
governments
encouraged Ironworld,
a heritage center, to
open, in order to
create jobs.
It is not attracting as
many tourists as the
organizers had hoped.
 Open Pit Mining

Northern Michigan (the UP)

 $800,000
$12,308=
65

Ishpeming (near Marquette)

 Tilden Open Pit Mine

190 ton
truck
Pick-up Drill
Truck

Shovel
 Definitions
 Metamorphic Rock - igneous and
sedimentary rock that has been
significantly changed by heat and
pressure
 Lake – an enclosed body of water
 Bog – an old lake filled in with
vegetation
 Ore – mineral bearing rock
 Open pit mining – extracting ore by
means of a huge enlarging hole
Then the ore is melted in a furnace as big as
the academic wing of Lutheran South . . .

which revolves.
The leftovers of mining.
Iron (taconite) pellets
Loaded onto small rail cars
Taken to a port on Lake Superior

Taconite
pellets

Filling up the hold of a . . .

 Great Lakes Ore Boat

Which sails through Lake Superior

to the . . .
Locks of Sault Ste. Marie
Sault Ste. Marie
Ore boat

Lock
Chamber
To Lake
Huron
 St. Lawrence
Seaway
A series of locks and
canals which connect
the Great Lakes to the
Atlantic Ocean
 Lake Superior Shoreline

Iron bearing
rock
Lake Superior is the largest,
deepest, cleanest, coldest of the
Great Lakes.
It is also the largest freshwater
lake in the world.
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore
Northern Michigan
Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore

A beach to yourself in June!

(air = 65°F; Water = 48°F)
 Mackinac Bridge
(3800’) connecting the northern and
southern peninsulas of Michigan
 The
suspension
bridge crosses
the Strait of
Mackinac.
Near Mackinac Island
 Definitions
 Lock - a gated section of a canal
where vessels are raised and lowered
 Saint Lawrence Seaway – a project
finished in 1959 that connects all of
the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean
with canals and locks
 Strait – a narrow neck of water
connecting two larger bodies of
water
 Ontario, Canada
Canada is the country that is most similar
to the United States.
A few differences
Canada, like every other
country in the world, uses
the metric system.

1984
Typical vegetation for the southern
Canadian Shield

Ottawa River
Ontario
What minerals are Sudbury,
found here? Ontario
 ONTARIO

Lake Superior Sudbury

Mesabi Sault Ste. Marie
Duluth Strait of Mackinac
 Typical Mine
Elevator

crusher

conveyor

Iron(Fe),
WhatCopper(Cu),
is mined inNickel(Ni), Zinc(Zn),
the old hard
Lead(Pb), Silver(Ag),
metamorphic and Gold(Au), Platinum(Pt),
igneous rock of the
Manganese(Mn), Uranium(U), Mercury(Hg)
Canadian Shield?
The smoke stacks are so tall in order to put highly toxic
pollutants high in the air where they can disperse. . .

And fall as far away as the Maritimes and northern

Europe.
Sudbury, Ontario
Nickel ore
Lake Nipissing, Ontario

One of hundreds of thousands

of lakes in the Canadian
Shield
From the Air

In winter
Resource = trees: Export = lumber
Wood Products
Manufacturer
Another Wood Products Plant
Much of the United States’ paper is
imported from Canada
 Ottawa Located between
the English in
Canada’s capital Ontario and the
French in Quebec.
French
Empire
Style

Capitol (Parliament) Building

 Montreal

The largest city (3.4 million) in the province of Quebec,

the second largest in Canada, and the second largest
French-speaking city in the world
 Landsat
False-color
Image

Where
would you
have
located a
settlement
that would
grow to
become
Montreal?
 The site of the Chute (Rapids) Lachine
The Lachine rapids made Montreal the Head of
navigation of the Saint Lawrence River, and,
therefore, a break–in-bulk point.

The rapids were portaged

around until people built . . .
Lock
 Container cranes

Today Montreal is Canada’s

leading containerized port.
The port brings industry.
6 Flags
Around Montreal
Stadium-site of Montreal
Olympics in 1976
Although impressive
looking, the
retractable roof
leaked and is
unreliable.
Modular Apartments
Habitat 67
From Mount (Mont) Royal
Hotel De Ville
Chateau Ramezay
18th Century
 Chard
In the Garden
Beets

Lettuce
 carrots

leeks
onions

cabbage
artichokes celery
Boer
War
On top of Mount
Royal
St. Lawrence Estuary
 Whales come up
the St. Lawrence
River (St. Laurent
Riviere)
In Southern
Quebec
Thetford mine
asbestos
Quebec City
 Quebec City
The most French city
outside France
 Hotel d’
Frontenac
Saint Louis
was
Louis IX of
France and
is the
patron saint
of that
country.
Samuel de
Champlain
1608
Jacques
Cartier
1530’s
 What
religion is
this
church?
The Old Walled City
 The Plains of Abraham
site of the Battle of Quebec (1759)
French and Indian War

Who won the battle?

The British
Making Canada a British Colony
And the French still resent it.
Later the British built a citadel (fort)
at the highest point in Quebec City.

Sled
slop
e in
win
ter

To protect the city from whom?

The United States

QUEBEC

R.
Quebec

ce
en
Montreal

wr
Ottawa

La
.
St
The Citadel

Dry Moat
Now a parking lot.
 Site of Quebec

A few cannons placed here and on

the opposite bank could control all
access into the heart of Canada.
The British won by stealthily rowing up
the St. Lawrence estuary and climbing
these bluffs.

Hint

Is this ship loading or

unloading?
Through the City Wall
The capitol of the province of Quebec
 Minorities
 The French speaking population of
Canada is about 33%.
 Almost all live in one area—Quebec.
 Quebec has voted twice on the issue
of secession (forming a separate
country).
 It was defeated by about 55% to
45% both times.
 They may vote again.
The oldest part of town is Place Royale, the
French settlement below on the river front.
We’ll go down to
check it out.
 10:15 pm on June 21
Why is it still light?
Quebec is located farther from the
equator (at a higher latitude).
Quebecois enjoy the first evening
of summer
Alcan Aluminum Refinery

Located here because of

inexpensive hydroelectricity
Dock to unload bauxite
Baie-Saguenay Fjord
L’Anse St. Jean Fjord
Labrador
in winter
From
30,000’
Ice floes in
Baffin Bay
The southern tip of

Greenland
 fjord

fjord
 Definitions
 Site – the physical features in the
area of a settlement or building
 Minorities – cultural groups that are
less numerous than the majority
 Secession – the act of a region
leaving a country
 Fjord – a steeply walled, long,
narrow inlet of the sea; drowned
glacial valleys
 G
R
EE
N
LA
N
D

Gr
ea
t Ci
rc
le
Ro
u te
to
Eu
ro
pe
End of fjord
 Toe (end)
of glacier

Glacial valley
 The middle
of Greenland
Glac is an icecap
ie r
as much as
7000 feet
thick.
Late Ice Cap
ral
mor
aine

Hill top
NORTH AMERICAN
REGIONS
III. Canadian Shield

The End